Analysis Of The Reader Of Supplemental Readings For...

Paper 2 Internalization vs. Resisting Oppression All women have the potential of facing issues of gender, their bodies, sexuality, reproduction, abuse and violence. But what one may fail to realize is that women of disability experience a wider range of these types of issues on a daily basis. Oppression of disabled women is a huge controversy that leaves our society with many unanswered questions. By taking a deeper look on this issue, will help us understand the effects of oppression on disabled women by analyzing four specific examples from â€Å"The Reader† of Supplemental Readings for Women and Disability by Marsha Saxton, PhD, that expands more on women of disability that both internalize and resist oppression. What is oppression and how does one internalize it and/ or resist it? Oppression is seen as a system of discrimination, stereotyping, and unjust treatment against social groups in society. Those who suffer from oppression usually suffer from internalized oppression, also known as â€Å"self-hate,† which pe ople start to believe and act out the stereotypes that are created against their group. But not everyone internalizes these types of beliefs against their social groups. Many also resist oppression by taking pride in who they are, and accept their identity by not letting the stereotypes create the person society â€Å"thinks† they should be. Women are a social group that have suffered from oppression throughout many years, but what about women of disability? Sometimes

Major Theories of Human Development Free Essays

1. Epigenetic theory (Erikson) Erikson’s epigenetic theory depicts personality development as a passage through eight sequential stages of ego development from infancy through old age. According to Erikson, the developing individual must master and resolve, to some extent, a core conflict or crisis during each stage by integrating personal needs and skills with the social and cultural demands and expectations of the environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Major Theories of Human Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now Passage to each developmental stage is dependent on the resolution of the core conflict of ht preceding stage. No core conflict is completely mastered, however (Mandleco 2004). 2. Psychoanalytic theory (Freud) According to Freud, human behavior is motivated by psychodynamic forces within an individual’s unconscious mind. Driven to act by these internal forces, individuals repeatedly interact with their external environment. An individual’s personality and psychosexual identity are developed through the accumulation of these interacational experiences. Personality consists of three components: id, ego and superego. The id is inborn, unconscious and driven by biologic instincts. The ego is a conscious and rational faculty. The superego is the internalization of the moral values learnt from parents and elders (Madleco 2004). 3) Behaviorist theory (Watson) Behaviorism contends that human behavior can be explained as just a relationship between a stimulus and a response, and learned behavior is just a conditioned response.  Everything from speech to emotional responses are simply patterns of stimulus and response. Watson denied completely the existence of the mind or consciousness. Emotions are regarded simply as conditioned bodily responses to outside events. Thinking is explained simply as talking quietly. Watson believed that human behavior should be studied in a manner that allows the researcher to predict and control those behaviors (Klein 1989). 4) Classical conditioning (Thorndike, Skinner) Building upon the work of Thorndike, Skinner distinguished two types of behavior. Respondent behavior is based on reflexes and does not require learning. For example, if one touches a hot surface, one will quickly remove one’s hand. Operant behavior, however, is learnt, and is performed spontaneously rather than as an automatic response to a situation. According to Skinner most human behavior is operant. Whereas classical conditioning depends on developing associations between events, operant conditioning involves learning from consequences of our behavior (Klein 1989). 5) Social learning theory (Bandura) In social learning theory, primary focus is given to learning experiences that occur through reciprocal social interactions. Environmental or situational determinants are important, but interactions are thought to be the conduit for internalization of social and nonsocial cues for behavior. Bandura and colleagues investigated the effects of modeling and imitation on the behavior of young children. They postulated that modeling and imitation are the primary interaction processes through which behavioral repertoires are acquired. Social learning theory emphasizes the socializing influence of the family (Lerner 1996). 6)   Cognitive theory (Piaget) According to Piaget’s cognitive theory, children’s development is marked by periods when they are particularly sensitive and responsive to outside influences. However, children are not blank slates on which teachers compose whatever they desire. Children, who have inherent dispositions and tendencies and are subject to their external environments, develop and grow intellectually in an invariable sequence from birth through adolescence and adulthood. To teach effectively, teachers should be aware of the materials and approaches most appropriate for a child’s readiness to learn (Sigelman Rider 2005). 7. Humanism (Maslow) The humanistic theory centers its attention on the experiencing person, emphasizes on qualities such as choice, creativity, valuation, and self-realization, with an ultimate concern for valuing of dignity and worth of a man, and an interest in the development of the potential inherent in every person. Maslow has referred to his psychology as holistic, dynamic psychology, and most of all it is known as self-actualization psychology, which expresses that people possess potentiality which could become actualities through the process of wholesome growth (Coon 2004). 8. Stages of moral development (Kohlberg) Kohlberg postulated that human beings tend to progress through six stages of moral development. People tend to make decisions and judgments about right and wrong for different reasons, depending on the stage of development they have achieved. Kohlberg’s six stages of moral development are: 1) Right is obedience to power and avoidance of punishment.   2)Right is taking responsibility for oneself 3) Right is being good in the sense of having good motives 4) Right is maintaining the rules of a society 5) Right is based on recognized individual rights within a society 6) Right is an assumed obligation to principles applying to all humankind: justice, equality, and respect to human life (Lerner 1996). References: Coon, D. 2004. Introduction to Psychology : Gateways to Mind and Behavior. Belmont, CA :   Thomson Wadsworth Klein, S. B. 1989. Contemporary Learning Theories: Instrumental Conditioning Theory  and the Impact of Biological Constraints on Learning. Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Lerner, R. M. 1996. Concepts and Theories of Human Development. Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Mandleco, B. L. 2004. Growth Development Handbook: Newborn Through Adolescent. Clifton Park, NY : Delmar Learning Sigelman, C. K. Rider E. A. 2005. Life-span Human Development.   Belmont, CA : Thomson Wadsworth How to cite Major Theories of Human Development, Essay examples

Global Procurement Purchasing and Supply Chain Management †Free Sampl

Question: Discuss about the Global Procurement Purchasing and Supply Chain Management. Answer: Introduction Global procurement is perhaps one of the most important aspects of an organizational operation. This is because of one important reason hat in absence of a reliable and productive procurement system; it would be difficult for the Company to be competitive in the net profit margin. Procurement is such a process that prepares the platform for a homogenous profit margin if the strategies are up to the mark. The traditional form of procurement have largely been re[placed by some modern form of procurement such as computerization, e-commerce and outsourcing. All the mentioned techniques are important from an organizational perspective; however, the feasibility of all the process depends heavily on the administrative and financial department. These techniques have somehow brought revolution in the world of procurement. This is because of such reasons that most of the companies prefer to go for such solutions for their procurement related problem (Adamson, Dixon Toman, 2012). This assignment highlights the problem in one of the leading companies of the United States for the Vinyl production. The sales figures have taken a good growth between the periods of 2001-2006; however, the profit margin is a big concern for the Company. The existing director of procurement identifies the problem. It has been identified that procurement is the one problem that is hampering the profit growth of the Company. Generally, Company tends to lose their more than half of the returns in purchasing the raw materials and all the rest procurement related process. The main purpose of the assignments to find some effective solutions to the problem identified. It has been strictly ordered from themanagement that the Company need more than 1% profit growth in the coming one year. This assignment tries to cover the concept of all the available procurement solutions that could provide a relief to the profit growth of the Company. Concept of Procurement Procurement is a process through which Company maintains its purchasing process in the market. This is something that needs to be robust in order to reduce the cost of manufacturing to the maximum possible level. Three of the most usable and productive method of procurement are computerization, e-commerce and outsourcing (Ate?, 2014). Issues in DVS Corporation Durable Vinyl Sliding is one of the leading names in the in industry of Vinyl in the United States. The Company is continually engaged in climbing up the ladder of success; however, one problem has caused certain disruptions in the management. The Company is suffering of having a poor purchasing method, which is affecting its profit growth to a considerable level. From 2001 to 2006, it has witnessed a significant drop in the profit margin. This is because of the fact that the new director of procurement is thinking of having some remedial solutions to the problem identified. The director has believed that two techniques are very important in this context, which could efficiently cut down the highlighted problem. Those two methods are computerization and e-commerce. Apart from all these factors, one factor is also very important in this regard, which is the outsourcing process (Bckstrand, Tiedemann Hedn, 2015). Probable solutions Computerization, e-commerce and outsourcing have been identified as the possible solutions to the problems identified. However, they have no such idea about the best possible method, which could actually sort out the problem of the Company. As far as computerization is concerned, the Company is less engaged in computer related operations. They mainly do an internal form of inventorymanagement and stock reporting in the computer. They have not been advanced in all of the three identified solutions (Baily, 2013). Advantages disadvantages of remedial strategies: Advantages Advantages of using computer are enormous. This is because of the working dimensions, which the platform provides to the organization. Following are some of the advantages of using computerization process in the procurement (Baker Parkinson, 2016): Less dependency on manual works This is one of the most important aspect of the computerization process that helps in cutting down in the manual form of working to the maximum of possibilities. This is helpful in reducing the manufacturing cost a bit. This is because of the fact that the usage of computer would lessen down the requirement of participation of manual working people in the organization (Cook, 2016). This would help in cutting down on the labor, which is extremely important for reducing the expenditures. However, computerization would also attract one computer operator who is well versed with all the required working requirement of the organization. The computer operator needs to be efficient in the operation of procurement software systems. This is because of the fact that the software is well structured for the procurement related operations and this can efficiently manage all the involved operations in the procurement process. Following are some of the benefits of pr ocurement software system (Christopher, 2016): This would enable the automatic creation of the purchase order needed to be sent to the vendor Enable the sending of purchase order through fax or mail Enables the follow up with the vendors on the purchase order and also work as a reminder on the purchase order Helps in maintaining a vital area of inventory, which is one of the major at the warehouse area Helps in creating the financial statement, which indeed is very important to have a good idea on the production and the manufacturing Disadvantages Despite of all the advantages that are mentioned above, it has certain disadvantages also that are mentioned as follows (Ghemawat, 2013): Dependability on the computer system would be enhanced, which can lessen down the physical input of labor to some extent Computer systems do also produce some errors in works, which can hamper the operation as the generated purchase order might have some errors in it Software can be corrupted with the use of hacking software, which is a serious threat to the security of the Companys confidential information Back up is required for the people who is operating the procurement software because in case of any absenteeism of the concerned people, Company would not have any alternate option for its maintenance Everything is stored in the computer system, which makes this important for the Company to have some backups in the form of a procurement software operator E-commerce: Advantages E-commerce is captivating the attention of the entire world business because of its operational appeal. It has taken the business to the next level. It has not only benefited the organizations but it is also benefitting the common people those who have small income (Heizer Barry, 2013). Even those common people can also open up their own business by just registering on the e-commerce platforms. However, the platform is benefitting the organization also in numerous ways. The beneficiary part of the technology has made this already popular in some potential market such as China, India and US. Following are some of the benefits, which the organization can derived from the usage of e-commerce: Convenience Enhancement It has made things convenient because organizations can now search for their requited task on their fingertip. They can easily search for those products that are not reachable physically. The technology has lessened the distances in between the different business countries (Jakomin Kobilica, 2014). Allows Comparison It allows comparison to the organization. Organization can now have access to the high range of products, which was never possible before with the traditional form of purchasing (Johnsen, Howard Miemczyk, 2014). Accessibility with different clients The technology would narrow down the differences in between different organizations. Things, which was never possible before have now been made possible because of the advent of the technology. Different clients can now interact with each other while no having any previous relations with them. This is because of the fact that the interface brings different nature of person or group closer to each other for the achievement of their demand (Monczka et al., 2015). Disadvantages Following are some of the disadvantages that the e0comerce can bring to the business: Poor Quality of Products The products quality can be poor because of the fact that the resources can have less trusted sites that are hard to be identified. This is one of the problems, which can even play with the earned reputation of the Company. The Company is just trying some other ways to reduce the margin of manufacturing costs to the most possible extent. However, they have no clues and answers for the cheating over the products (O'Brien, 2015). Delivery of goods It can be delayed for some unknown reasons, which is very bad from the perspectives of the organizational values. It can hamper the deadline of the production, which is a bad sign for organizational values (Pooler Pooler, 2012). Absence of Private Touch This is one of the most vital losses, which the e-commerce can cause while purchasing something through the e-commerce technology on the platform. Business relationship is one of the most important aspects that bind one organization to another (Ross, 2015). Outsourcing: Advantages Following are some of the advantages of outsourcing (Rushton, Croucher Baker, 2014): It reduces the work strain to the desired level of the organization, which indeed decides on the sectors that are needed to be outsourced Outsourcing brings solution to the complexity of business operations Organizations can decide accordingly to allocate the outsourcing of the desired domains of working Outsourcing is a good source for the reduction of expenditures in the Company, which is very important for an organizational perspective to have less manufacturing costs Enhances the profit margin by allocating some of the departments works to some other locations Outsourcing some of the business domains is comparatively cheaper in India, which is one of the reasons behind the fact that most companies have their outsourcing in India such as TalkTalk and BT Disadvantages Despite of all the advantages that are mentioned above, outsourcing has some notable disadvantages, which is hard to ignore. Some of the notable disadvantages are as follows (Wisner, Tan Leong, 2014): Quality is at risk with the outsourcing of business to some other countries. This is because of the fact that the parent Company tends to lose its firm grip on the operation of the outsource locations Company have no direct control on the outsourcing locations, which is a strain to the organizations as it is not feasible to have a physical visit to the outsource locations on a regular basis Companies have indirect control on the outsource locations by means of mailing, fax and video calling; however, these all options are not capable enough to ensure a robust performance of the outsource locations Language is another barrier for an outsourcing type of business Legal issues of the outsource locations is another problem that might hamper the outsourcing operation. This is one such problem, which has no solid negotiations for it. Labor issue is another potential problem in the outsource locations that can well disturb the operation of the Company Best feasible remedy to the addressed issue All the mentioned solutions are good in their own region; however, outsourcing looks to be the most feasible solution to the problem highlighted in the Durable Vinyl Sliding Company. The solution has the potential to improve the profit margin of the Company to a considerable level if some of the negative aspects of it are taken care of with some robust counter options (O'Brien, 2015). Justification for the selection E-commerce is also very effective in enhancing the profit margin of the Vinyl Company as it has in it numerous of material that are cheaper than the normal market rates. This is very important as it lowers down the purchasing costs, which has long remained a problem to the Vinyl Company. However, e-commerce platform does not offer any guarantee for the quality products. This is less safe for the Vinyl Company as the Company is lower in profit but higher in sales. The lower in quality production might hamper the sales figure, which would add another problem along with the reducing level of profit (Baily, 2013). Computerization is also very handy as it can reduce the number of labor those who were engaged in manual form of working. It would also lessen down the expenditures to some extent; however, it cannot efficiently lower the purchasing expenditures. Therefore, it is less effective in lowering the purchasing problem of the Company (Baily, 2013). Outsourcing would be the recommended option for the reduction of manufacturing costs in the concerned Company. It would cut down on the expenditures on some of the departments of the Company, which it intends to outsource to some other locations may be in India because of low labor costs in the country. This is an undeniable fact that outsourcing can bring some challenges for themanagement of outsourcing business. It can also hamper the quality of service as the outsource locations might not produce the same image of the Company as that of its parent country. However, it is still useful in cutting down on the expenditures and enhancing the profit margin. This is because of the fact that the desired departments of the Company would find their shifting to an outsource locations, which offers low labor costs. All the shifted departments would incur comparatively lesser expenditures, which can efficiently reduce the entire manufacturing costs and would hence enhance the profit margin (Gh emawat, 2013). Conclusion Global procurement is a complex subject that needs expertise study on the subject matter. The absence of a solid procurement option, DVS Corporation has had faced a considerable reducing profit margin from 2001-2006. The sales figures are increasing but the profit margin was performing inverse to the sales figures. After concluding the entire discussions, it is handful to predict that outsourcing would be the most recommended options against the reducing profit margin of the Company. Despite the flaws, which the outsourcing has, it is still a potential option for the Company. Nevertheless, examples of numerous companies are presenting the same verdict. References Adamson, B., Dixon, M. and Toman, N., (2012).The end of solution sales(pp. 60-68). Harvard Business School. Ate?, M., (2014).Purchasing and Supply Management at the Purchase Category Level: strategy, structure and performance(No. EPS-2014-300-LIS). Bckstrand, J., Tiedemann, F. and Hedn, E., (2015). Competitive advantage based purchasing matrix: a portfolio-approach to differentiated purchasing strategy. In24th Annual IPSERA Conference, Amsterdam, March 29-April 1, 2015(Vol. 24). Baily, P.J., (2013).Purchasing and supply management. Springer. Baker, M.J. and Parkinson, S.T., (2016).Organizational buying behaviour: purchasing and marketing management implications. Springer. Christopher, M., (2016).Logistics supply chain management. Pearson UK. Cook, T.A., (2016).Mastering purchasing management for inbound supply chains. CRC Press. Ghemawat, P., (2013).Redefining global strategy: Crossing borders in a world where differences still matter. Harvard Business Press. Heizer, R. and Barry, R., (2013).Operation Management, Sustainability and Supply Chain management(Vol. 11). Pearson, UK. Jakomin, I. and Kobilica, R., (2014). Planning model of purchasing logistics in outsourcing.Transport Problems,9(1), pp.69-81. Johnsen, T., Howard, M. and Miemczyk, J., (2014).Purchasing and supply chain management: a sustainability perspective. Routledge. Monczka, R.M., Handfield, R.B., Giunipero, L.C. and Patterson, J.L., (2015).Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning. O'Brien, J., (2015).Category management in purchasing: a strategic approach to maximize business profitability. Kogan Page Publishers. Pooler, D.J. and Pooler, V.H., (2012).Purchasing and supply management: creating the vision. Springer Science Business Media. Procurement Professionals. (2017). Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing - Procurement Professionals. [online] Available at: https://www.procurementprofessionals.org/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-outsourcing/ [Accessed 17 Apr. 2017]. Ross, D.F., (2015).Distribution Planning and control: managing in the era of supply chain management. Springer. Rushton, A., Croucher, P. and Baker, P., (2014).The handbook of logistics and distribution management: Understanding the supply chain. Kogan Page Publishers. Wisner, J.D., Tan, K.C. and Leong, G.K., (2014).Principles of supply chain management: A balanced approach. Cengage Learning.

The Role of Human Resource Knowledge in establishing Performance

Introduction The workplace today is in a condition of metamorphosis of workers’ motivation, customers’ satisfaction, human-resource development and customer relation management with a global mindset of penetrating every aspect of the organization. Effective workforce is a pillar in an organization as it is a great player in accomplishing the firms’ objectives and service delivery.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on The Role of Human Resource Knowledge in establishing Performance-Based Work environment: The Case of â€Å"Flambo Plast Gmbh† specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Aspatore Books, human-resource management is the organizational function that enables efficiency, innovation, creativity and flexibility of the workforce to transform them into productive assets.1 Therefore, many institutions have emphasized on the need to consider (HRM) human-resource management as a co urse. However, it is also important to note that it is one of the demanding knowledge, especially in a workplace.2 An orderly managed well-organized human-resource department assists the organizations to attain the desired goals and competitiveness in the industry. Background of the study In the present century, the human-resource management departments are facing unlimited challenges. As paradigms have changed in various dimensions and the factors affecting human-resource management are not exceptional. The human-resource management must re-examine the organizational structure and functions in order to cope with relevance, new trends and challenges in the contemporary business setting. In the current business context, the most affecting and challenging issue to an informed man is time’s nature of setting things in order and in place in the best and most effective way3. Advanced technology, through the use of computer and smart phones, assist man to deal situations in the mos t effective and efficient manner. The state of human-resource management is a system that attracts strengths, encourages, and maintains employees who are responsible for the successful operation and existence of the organization.4 The main and important function of human-resource management circulates around workforce planning, recruitment and selection, job specification, dismissal, employee motivation, customer relation management (CRM), performance evaluation and employee development.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Has life changed alongside developments in technology, so, is it the human-resource management to occupy more responsibilities? These conceptual issues have established fundamental principles for the foundation of human-resource management. Fundamental of human development The training function of human-resource management is contemporarily termed as huma n-resource development. It is an orderly effort towards facilitating the workforce within the firm to acquire the required knowledge in the desire for organizational success. This revolves around three areas- employer and employee development, performance development and work environment improvement. There are important laws that the human-resource management must equip itself with during the training. The teaching and the process must be interesting so that the trainee is motivated to grasp the important information. 5 In addition, the training and development must target at the performance improvement to help the organization attain stronger organizational efficiency, greater competitive practices and enhance profitability. Objective of the study In this paper, the primary objective is to examine and determine the value of employer’s knowledge in human-resource management. I seek to: Ascertain the relevance of human-resource management knowledge and skills and the workplac e. To analyze the functions of human-resource management in an organization Ascertain the relevance between motivation and job performance. Discussion The reorganization of the human-resource administration for â€Å"Flambo Plast Gmbh† The human-resource departments are vital players responsible for attracting, developing, motivating and maintaining best employees the human-resource management departments are required to make well-detailed organizational charts for their firms to assist the managers and executives carry their duties responsible.6 In addition, the organization charts enhance the employees to understand the company strategy and structure, and their roles in delivering the organizational goals.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on The Role of Human Resource Knowledge in establishing Performance-Based Work environment: The Case of â€Å"Flambo Plast Gmbh† specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn Mor e Organizational charts aid a company in ensuring effective and efficient communication of its objectives, employee expectations, and responsibilities. In demonstrating commitment to excellence, the company needs to develop an ideal organizational chart that is efficient in mapping the company’s communication lines. The organizational chart is essential tool and is necessary in circumstances where management is in pursuit to identify areas through the enterprise that presents opportunities for downscaling. The organizational structure needs to be flexible and the one that reflects the immediate requirements of the organization. The â€Å"Flambo Plast Gbhm† company must make sure the human-resource management chart allows the management and the employees to: existence of co-operation between the employees and the management at large. Perfect relation and communication among the employees and the management Clear and easy understanding of the processes Flexible and re alistic nature Clear definition of roles and responsibilities within the organization The structure that allows smooth teamwork among the employees and the management The human-resource department organizational chart The â€Å"Flambo Plast Gmbh† shall be organized in a manner that it constitutes the outlook of a modern human-resource department.7 The chart shall address the three-main sections namely: HR front office HR back office HR excellence centers The HR Front office This office shall be the main interaction point for all HR team members and shall be an internal source for the employees. The HR Back office This office is important and responsible for HR services offered both internally and externally. This office is also in control of legal procedures, in an organization. The office will ensure that all procedures and actions are compliant with law. Indeed, all the administrative functions like payroll, bonus, and benefits are in control in this office. The HR Excel lence center This section in human-resource management shall be responsible for maintaining policies, processes and products developed. The office will ensure and oversee the employee training, recruiting and staffing roles.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Flambo Plast Gmbh Human Resource Organiization Chart This is a hierarchical type of organizational chart. In this chart, the employees are under certain functional departments headed by a different manager. For instance, we have the front office, back office, and the excellence center headed by different managers. The main reason for choosing this kind of chart is that it clearly explains the organizational structure in simple terms. In addition, the use of organizational charts saves an organization from problems of communication loops.. 8 These calls for another management team to assist manage the organization. The main functions of human-resource department The human-resource department is in control of several duties that deal with the employees of the company. Unfortunately, some managers assume HRM as a simple office with less work.9 The office has a lot of work and requires great attention to address these issues. However, the main duties and responsibilities of human reso urces management are: Recruitment of employees Compensation and remuneration Training and development Planning Recruitment of employees The human-resource department is vest with power to recruit and oversee the selection of employees. This involves the process of choosing few qualified candidates out from many unqualified. The function ensures that the company under consideration selects the most skilful and competent taskforce from plenty of applicants. This function involves selection of the best individuals and evaluation of their ability in relation to the company requirements. The recruitment can be through various processes that may include interviews, educational, psychological measurements and written interviews. Compensation and remuneration A capital resource is one the most important assets that the company can rely on. For efficient production, the company needs to address the issue of compensation and remuneration in details. This deals with the motivation of the emp loyees. The human-resource department has a task of evaluating the performance in turn rewarding those who did well or exceeded the expectation of the company.10 The compensation packages can be in terms of salary increment, holiday offers, awards, equities etc. Training and development This function is important and necessary since it adds value to the organization. Employees’ training is in relation with improvement of skills and attitudes of the employees. It is also significant in motivating the works as well as boosting their energy. Training enables the employee to be familiar with duties that he/she supposed to work on. Some jobs require work experience or training before some can undertake the task. The can be characterized by attendance of seminars, conferences, workshops and formal talks among others. Planning Every manager must plan regardless of the section under his or her command. The human-resource department has the responsibility of ensuring that adequate pla ns are in place for the success of the organization. The department plans how the organization structure will look like, the duties and responsibilities of each employee, the chain of command and several others. The department is also bestowing with the responsibility of planning the future organizational goals in relation to people or clarifying the same goals to staff members. Planning is a useful tool in putting the organizational goals in safe basket.11 Adviser It refers to a professional or a consultant providing expert advice to his or her clients concerning a certain field. Customer relationship management In my own understanding, CRM is an information house or database responsible for monitoring, valuing, developing and retaining excellent relation to the customer. Simply, observing the principles of customer relationship.12 Problems regarding employees’ motivation In the turn of a century, the business setting has gone through various changes touching the style in hu man-resource management. Some business managers are not aware of these inventible changes. This has led to the failure of many stable businesses. However, motivation has both positive and negative effects to the business. Therefore, it is important they learn, understand and are familiarized with factors that promote positive motivation at the workplace. The objective of this paper is to assist the manager to understand the need for motivation at the workplace. This can be through identifying factors that may occur because of lack of motivation in the workplace. According to Fredrick Herzberg, motivation is the force that makes us do things: this is a result of our individual needs being satisfied so that we are inspired to accomplish our tasks.13 Motivation is essential in achieving the best from human capital. Motivation has a great impact on the output of the business in terms of quality and quantity. Production staff is the pivot that the business relies heavily regarding the ou tput. When motivation is not satisfied, the company suffers a huge loss hence there is the failure of business to perform effectively. A de-motivated workforce ultimately results in high absenteeism and employee turnover rates always accompanied by poor customer service. Fredrick Herzberg came up with two main divisions that deal with motivation. Those factors that motivated work staff at the workplace and, Hygiene Factors The motivators enhanced excellent performance in an organization leading high output and works’ friendly working environment. However, the hygiene factors, if not met, has a negative impact on employee’s efficiency and immeasurable loss to business. There are a number of problems regarding the employees’ motivation. These may include: Poor pay Work conditions Supervision Inadequate recognition Poor pay Many companies have failed to demonstrate excellent efforts towards workers’ remuneration. Though money is not the only reason why e mployees cause unrest at the workplace, in most cases, it is the main reason. In the recent world, most of havoc caused at the workplace results from poor pay. If the workers’ effort is unappreciated, they feel low sometimes boycotting the work or bringing unrest in the company. Worker’ salary must be revised regulated according to ensure the equity. Employees are equally motivated to achieve the organizational objectives when salary is perceived as enough. The output of the employees must match the salary. Poor pay of workers to some extend causes sick leave and inefficient works. Work condition The prevailing working environment of an employee is very critical issue in the contemporary business context. Though motivation is something that comes from the inner force of a person, management has a big role in creating an environment that encourages employee motivation. The employer must eliminate risks that de-motivate the workers at the workplace. Workplace safety must be the point of concern to management and shareholders as a whole. Most of the workforces consider this as a motivator. 14 Supervision Supervision direction is wrong in certain organization leading qualified employees quitting their jobs. According to the recent research, it reveals that some managers have poor leadership and management styles in stabilizing the work of an efficient employee. It is certain that some workers quit the managers but not the job. Supervision should give direction but not cause disharmony at the workplace. Recognition failure Recognition failure is one of the main reasons why employees get hurt. Recognition is one of the important factors that fuels personal motives. Recognizing employees for the efforts made towards achieving the organizational goals not only make them proud but also promote self-esteem and cultivate spirits of more innovations. Motivation can be through promotions, pay increase, comments and many unlisted. Theories on connection betwee n motivation and job performance Several psychologists have come with theories supported by empirical evidence to show the relationship between motivation and job performance. The world known psychologists like Fredrick Herzberg, Abraham Maslow, Elton Mayo, Douglas McGregor, among unlisted through different researches have tried to show the relation that exists between motivation and job performance. This paper will examine through the two theories the relationship prevalence between the job performance and motivation. It is going to focus on a two-factor theory by Herzberg and the theory by Maslow. Two-factor theory According to Herzberg, motivation is in two motives. He also refers to this theory as â€Å"the dual structure theory.† From his theory, Herzberg believed that two sets factors influence people. He classified these two sets into motivator and hygiene. The hygiene referred to as dissatisfied, as their absence causes dissatisfaction while their presence does not mo tivate. The hygiene included pay and benefit, supervision, job security, personal life working conditions, status and relationship with co-workers. However, on the motivator side, he includes recognition, promotion, achievements and growth. According to him, hygiene factors operate separately or independently from the motivators. He argued that the hygiene factors were of short-term effects and that a little improvement would be to their removal. According to him, motivation was important and necessary for achievements. The theory Z Abraham Maslow developed another important theory to link relationship between motivation and job performance. Maslow (1971), named his final theory â€Å"Theory Z.† Maslow tried to relate motivation and job performance by using theory z, to explain the self-actualization. In his study, Maslow said less than 1%of the adult population was self-actualizing. Abraham Maslow focused his life’s work on the study of human potential, development an d motivation.15 Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, visible deference was given to people who had a value focused. He reveals that the level of unhealthiness exists in all areas of development. He refers to being self-actualized as becoming more fully human who responds to the inner forces for development. Most recent authors with the present leadership style concur with him. According to him, before one becomes self-actualized, he must first meet the physiological needs. He demonstrated his ideas using the hierarchy of needs. Theory Z was clearly an indication of unhealthy people in unhealthy organization.16 Critical review of the theories The two theories developed by the two psychologists ultimately relate job performance to motivation. From the dual research, it is evidently that motivation is ideal in improving work efficiency. Motivation leads to high output and works that motivate results in high production. For example, in the work of Herzberg, he believes that when hygiene is not satisfied, they cause dissatisfaction. This is actual true because when employees’ hygiene is not met, they cause underproduction. On the other hand, Maslow work supports the connection between the job performance and motivation. In his work, â€Å"Those serving customers must be longer range in time and longer range in space and wider thinking in terms of causes and effects and holistic relationships. Why is this? It’s because the relationships†¦are very different when these customers are supposed to be kept for a century or two.† 17 Recommendations First, I recommend the manager to enroll for the MBA course in human-resource management. This course will assist the manager in acquiring managerial skills and knowledge that will enable him or her to demonstrate quality leadership style in management. Secondly, I recommend the management to revise and uphold the importance of motivation and strongly put it in practice. This would motivate the workforce leading to efficiency production. It will also create a good rapport between the customers and the business. Finally, the human-resource organizational chart requires another structure with well-defined duties of the concern. Conclusion Human-resource management is an important resource to any organization set up. The current managers require to be trained in this field to ensure they utilize this capital. This will have a positive impact on the output of the business. For any milestone development, this pillar department of the organization must be vested with responsible and knowledgeable persons. Bibliography Ahmad, Shoeb. Human Resources Management and Technical Changes. New Delhi: Gyan Publishing House, 2004. Anderson, Charles. Tool Kit for Human Resources. Lincoln: iUniverse, 2004. Anderson, Kristin and Carol Kerr. Customer relationship management. McGraw-Hill Professional, 2002. Armstrong, Michael. Strategic Human Resource Management: A Guide to Action. London: Kogan Page Pu blishers, 2008. Aspatore Books. The Role of Human Resources: Top Executives on Using HR to Drive Business Results and Add Value to a Company (Inside the Minds). London: Aspatore Books, Incorporated, 2005. Green, Jerry W. Exploring the needs of teleworkers using Herzberg’s two-factor theory. New York: ProQuest, 2009. Ionazzi, Daniel A. The stage management handbook. New York: Writer’s Digest Books, 1992. Knox, Simon. Customer relationship management: perspectives from the marketplace Butterworth-Heinemann, 2003. Koontz, Harold and Heinz Weihrich. Essentials of Management. New York: Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. Lawler, Edward and John Boudreau. Achieving excellence in human resource management: an assessment of human resource functions. Stanford University: Stanford University Press, 2009. Rothwell, William J and Kazanas Hanze. Planning and managing human resources: strategic planning for human resources management. New York: Human Resource Development, 2003. Saiya dain, Mirza. Human Resources Management. New York: Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 2009. Mathis, Robert and John Jackson H. Human Resource Management. New York: Cengage Learning, 2010. Ulrich, David. Human resource champions: the next agenda for adding value and delivering results. New York: Harvard Business Press, 1996. University of Nebraska (Lincoln campus). Dept. of Psychology. Current theory and research in motivation. University of Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 2003. Wilson, John P. Human resource development: learning training for individuals organizations. London: Kogan Page Publishers, 2005. Footnotes 1 Aspatore Books. The Role of Human Resources: Top Executives on Using HR to Drive Business Results and Add Value to a Company (Inside the Minds). (London: Aspatore Books, Incorporated, 2005), 45-53. 2 Mirza, Saiyadain. Human Resources Management. (New York: Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 2009), 1 3 Robert, Mathis and John Jackson H. Human Resource Management. (New York: Cengage Learning, 2010), 27. 4 Edward, Lawler and John Boudreau. Achieving excellence in human resource management: an assessment of human resource functions. (Stanford University: Stanford University Press, 2009), 21. 5 Kristin, Anderson and Carol Kerr. Customer relationship management. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional, 2002), 2. 6 Shoeb, Ahmad. Human Resources Management and Technical Changes. (New Delhi: Gyan Publishing House, 2004, 185. 7 Charles, Anderson. Tool Kit for Human Resources. (Lincoln: iUniverse, 2004),108. 8 John, Wilson. Human resource development: learning training for individuals organizations. London: (Kogan Page Publishers, 2005), 26-35. 9 William, Rothwell and Kazanas Hanze. Planning and managing human resources: strategic planning for human resources management. (New York: Human Resource Development, 2003), 478. 10 Michael, Armstrong. Strategic Human Resource Management: A Guide to Action. (London: Kogan Page Publishers, 2008), 72. 11 David, Ulrich. Human resource champions: the next agenda for adding value and delivering results. (New York: Harvard Business Press, 1996), 25. 12 Simon, Knox. Customer relationship management: perspectives from the marketplace. (New York: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2003), 3. 13 Daniel, Ionazzi. The stage management handbook. (New York: Writer’s Digest Books, 1992), 165. 14 Jerry, Green. Exploring the needs of teleworkers using Herzberg’s two-factor theory. (New York: ProQuest, 2009), 56 15 Harold, Koontz and Heinz Weihrich. Essentials of Management. (New York: Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 2006), 291 16 University of Nebraska (Lincoln campus). Dept. of Psychology. Current theory and research in motivation. (University of Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 2003), 175. 17 Jerry, Green. Exploring the needs of teleworkers using Herzberg’s two-factor theory. (New York: ProQuest, 2009), 56 This case study on The Role of Human Resource Knowledge in establishing Performance-Based Work environment: The Case of â€Å"Flambo Plast Gmbh† was written and submitted by user Rayden G. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sherman Antitrust in 21st Century essays

Sherman Antitrust in 21st Century essays Sherman Anti-trust in the 21st Century Whilst approaching the Twenty- first Century, America has taken significant strides in the advancement of high technology. With the unveiling of this new frontier comes continued innovation and government regulation. One aspect of the government in particular, the Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890, has impeded the progress of exploration into this new field; for the effectiveness of government is a nefarious hindrance to the efficiency of technology. Thus comes the age old question of who governs and to what ends. As a solution government should adopt a more Adam Smith approach to the regulation of high technology; the Sherman Anti-Trust Act should be amended by the legislature to allow more leeway for the technological and dynamic computer industry. The result of such an amendment, especially in a world economy such as ours, would allow American computer companies to thrive and compete with foreign companies as well as lead the way into the technological future of the Twenty- fi rst Century. In the age of reform as a result of public sentiment, Congress passed the Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890, named for Senator John Sherman. The one hundred and eight year old Sherman Act forbids monopolizing a market or engaging in any restraint of trade. Today unlawful restraints fall under three categories: 1) having too large a market share; 2) tying the sale of one product to another; 3) predatory pricing. For the past century the federal government has been pursuing a populist attack on big businessesRCA, U.S. Steel, IBM, AT however, due to government intervention and anti-trust investigation on the basis of the outdated Sherman Act, many of these cutting edge businesses were hindered in their progress for success. ...

What Does ACT Stand For The Complete Story

What Does ACT Stand For The Complete Story SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The ACT is now the most popular college admissions standardized test in the US, with the number of test-takers exceeding that of the SAT. But what does ACT actually stand for, and why does this actually matter? We answer all your questions in this guide. What Does ACT Mean? The ACT began in 1959, when Everett Franklin Lindquist, a professor at University of Iowa,was unhappy with the SAT for two reasons: The SAT was designed as an aptitude test – essentially, it tested your intelligence and innate capacity to learn. Lindquist thought that a college assessment test should really be testing what you’ve actually learned in school. The SAT was popular in private schools in the northeastern US (New York, Massachusetts) but not in the rest of the country and not in public schools. Lindquist believed the test should be accepted by public institutions and other schools across the country. Even though the SAT had begun over 30 years earlier and was growing in popularity, Lindquist believed he could do things better. As a result, he founded the American College Testing Program. See the ACT in there? Exclusive Bonus: What's a good ACT score, and how high do you need to score?Read our guide to find out. Lindquist designed the ACT to cover skills that you’ve learned in school. It began with four sections: English, Math, Social Studies, and Natural Sciences. It gave a composite score, just like it does now (read How is the ACT Composite Score Calculated?) Since then, the test hasn’t changed all that much, in contrast to the SAT, which has had something of an identity crisis. Here are the major milestones in the history of the ACT: 1959: The first ACT is administered to 75,460 students. 1972: Million Mark: The ACT hits 1,000,000 students taking the ACT. 1989: Redesign: The ACT undergoes a major change. The Social Studies section is changed into Reading, and Natural Sciences is changed into Science Reasoning. Both changes are an attempt to test fundamental reading and reasoning skills, rather than facts about history and science. 2005: The ACT adds an optional Writing Test. 2007: Every single college in the United States now accepts the ACT for admission. 2012: The number of students taking the ACT surpasses the SAT for the first time. At 1.85 million students, this means over half of the country’s graduates are taking the ACT. So what does ACT stand for? It started off as the American College Test, but at this point the ACT organization doesn’t formally call it that. The test is just known as the ACT. What's Next? Now that you’ve learned the history, you probably want to know how you can get the highest ACT score possible. Find out what a good ACT score is, and how to calculate your own ACT target score. Interested in free ACT practice tests? Click here for a guide on how to get every official ACT practice test available. Read our detailed guide to the best ACT prep books. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points or more? We've written a free guide to the very best strategies you need to use:

( Herbert Hoover )By analyzing his times, his initiatives as President Essay

( Herbert Hoover )By analyzing his times, his initiatives as President and his record of accomplishments, argue that he either was or was not an effective President and discuss why - Essay Example He freely accepted the great depression and blamed the Americans despite 1the sufferings it brought to them. For more than three years, he refused to take any step to alleviate suffering.1 It is believed that Herbert Hoover was rightly placed, but in the wrong time. Based on his ideological beliefs, he could have performed better than his predecessors if there was no any depression. He was more committed to the active government than Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge. Nevertheless, due to the beginning of the great depression, he received blames from his countrymen during his time and from the subsequent generations. In his own way, Herbert Hoover tried to alleviate the depression more than any other preceding presidents, but all his plans failed. Hoover strived to portray his success throughout his life. He was orphaned at the age of six years. He attended Stanford University and became an engineer. He also entered into the world of business, started his own business and became a multimillionaire. He served as a volunteer in food administration during the Great War. He headed a private relief campaign during the First World War; this earned him good reputation and the ticket to the presidency through the Republican Party. After rising to power, the Depression began, and Hoover’s efforts of alleviating it became unsuccessful.2 Reports show that Hoover was apparently aware of the problem; Hoover confided in William J. Abbot (Editor of Christian Science Monitor) about his fears in late 1928. He purportedly said that his campaigners had portrayed him as a superman who could handle all complicated and difficult problems. He predicted his suffering for anything wrong beyond his ability and measure to solve. People expected the impossible from Hoover; in 1932, he said that he was totally oversold.2 Despite the fallacious, undeserved, but enduring reputation, Hoover

Luminultra company Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Luminultra company - Assignment Example stomer traction for LuminUltra technologies may involve internet-marketing techniques such as search engine optimization that is aimed at the targeted segments of the market. This should involve strong highlights of the comparative advantage of these technologies and their levels of effectiveness in providing business solutions across the different categories of the market where they are applicable. Some of the strong selling points that could help in gaining customer traction include the factors of speed, accuracy, and completeness in the process of determining microbiological activity (LuminUltra Technologies, 2004). These attributes should be highlighted in form of providing solutions to challenges associated with alternative forms of technology that operate within the same line of business. For instance, the company should impress on the customers the value of speed and effectiveness in minimizing the levels of risk while also reducing the costs that could have been incurred through alternative systems. Traction could also be gained by showcasing the different areas within which LuminUltra technologies apply. Generally, this could involve such areas as water treatment, biological wastewater treatment, chemical products, and industrial water products. Usually, many customers prefer relying on a single company for business solutions for the sake of convenience and consistency (Sandberg, 2008). In order to overcome the objections of the customers, it might be necessary to provide demonstrations and sufficient pieces of information that illustrate the efficiency in the mechanics involved. Further, the company could establish strategic partnerships with renowned service providers that operate in related, though not entirely similar line of business. Such strategies have proved efficient in winning the confidence of the markets for up-start businesses. Customer objections are usually based on the fear of the unknown. New technologies are often deemed disruptive to

Identify FOUR Values that are associated Essay Example for Free

Identify FOUR Values that are associated Essay Identify FOUR Values that are associated with education in the Caribbean. Explain how these values have shaped your choices and behaviours.  According to Emille Durkheim, Education is the acquisition of knowledge and the learning of skills. It often helps to shape beliefs and moral values. Education is one of the very tools through which social change and transformation can be achieved. Education, and in particular the teaching of history provides a link between the student and society and also a sense of belonging. The teaching of history helps to shape an individuals beliefs and values of what was taught and passed on through generations. For example, teaching a student about slavery and learning about how their ancestors revolted to claim their freedom can teach an individual to have a sense of pride in their history. Durkheim believed that school serves as a function which cannot be provided by the family or peer group. Being a member of a family is based on relation and being part of a group of friends depends on choice but being a member of society lies in neither of these categories. School teaches individuals to learn to interact and cooperate with people who are neither friend nor family; therefore, school provides the perfect atmosphere to acquire interaction skills. The school allows the students to interact under a fixed set of rules and these experiences allow the student to grow and prepare themselves for interaction with the wider society. Durkheim also added that school rules must be enforced and punishments should me put in place where necessary. This in turn helps the student to learn that their act was wrong and would be able to exercise self- discipline not only to avoid punishment but because their action has done damage to that social system. It is by respecting the school rules that the child learns to respect rules in general, that he/she develops the habit of self- control and restraint simply because he/she should control and restrain himself/herself. Therefore the rules in schools help individuals to make the right choices and shape them as a person. Education also teaches individuals certain skills that would be necessary for their future occupation which is usually in an industrial society with its increasing division of labour for example, a developing nation like Trinidad and Tobago which makes most revenue on oil would need more people to work in that sector such as engineers and rig workers. Individuals who wish to pursue this would need to study certain subjects such as physics or chemistry. In pre- industrial society it was common for parents could have passed on occupational skills to children without a need for formal education. Schools therefore, transmit both general values which provide the necessary homogeneity for social survival, and certain skills which make available the necessary diversity for social cooperation. Industrial society would therefore come together under value consensus which is a general agreement by members of society concerning what is good and worthwhile. According to Talcott Parsons, schools socialize young people into the basic values of society. He maintained that value consensus is essential for society to operate effectively. Schools in the Caribbean instil major values such as the value of achievement and the value of equality of opportunity. Teachers encourage the students to strive for excellence in academics and reward those who succeed for example by the presentation of certificates or trophies. Therefore schools promote the value of achievement itself and by placing students in the same environment encourages them to compete against one another on equal terms for examinations thus the school promotes the value of equal opportunity. There is no particular race, class or gender that can be given the opportunity to succeed anyone can achieve success through hard work. Parsons viewed the education system as an important factor for the selection of individuals for their future occupations and roles in society. The education system, functions to allocate these human resources within the role- structure of adult society. With end of term exam in secondary schools which evaluates a students progress, schools can then match an individuals abilities and capacities for certain jobs. The school therefore is seen as a major means for role allocation. In the Caribbean there are many religious affiliated schools which also help to shape an individuals moral values by including religion periods at least once or twice a week. By the teaching of religious beliefs and values to students, it helps to shape them as an individual by deciding what is right and what is wrong and sticking to their convictions. For example in the Roman Catholic schools, students may be taught about the Ten Commandments and learn that it is wrong to go against it. Some may adapt to these beliefs and some may not but by learning about it they know not to stray to far from the norm. In conclusion, those who conform to the Caribbean societys values of education will be ranked highly and will be likely to receive positive sanctions. They will be rewarded with high prestige because they exemplify and personify what the society expects of them. High position will vary from society to society, in the Caribbean, society values individual achievement and puts primary emphasis on productive activity within the economy. Therefore those who have achieved with their own initiative will be successful.

Bethel School District Vs. Fraser :: essays research papers fc

Bethel School District vs. Fraser This case involved a public high school student, Matthew Fraser who gave a speech nominating another student for a student elective office. The speech was given at an assembly during school as a part of a school-sponsored educational program in self-government. While giving the speech, Fraser referred to his candidate in what the school board called "elaborate, graphic, and explicit metaphor." After his speech, the assistant principal told Fraser that the school considered the speech a violation of the school's "disruptive-conduct rule." This prohibited conduct that interfered with the educational process, including obscene, profane language or gestures. After Fraser admitted he intentionally had used sexual innuendo in the speech, he was told that he would be suspended from school for three days, and his name would be removed from the list of the speakers at the graduation exercises. Fraser's father brought action against the school board in the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington. He alleged the suspension and punishment were a violation of his son's First Amendment right to freedom of speech. The father sought injunctive and monetary damages under 42 U.S.C. of 1983. The district court awarded the student $278 in damages, $12,750 in litigation costs and attorney's fees, and ordered the school district not to prevent the student from speaking at the commencement ceremonies. The school district appealed the decision, arguing that the speech had a disruptive effect on the educational process. The school district said it had an interest in protecting an audience of minors from indecent speech in the school. The school board believed it had the right to control language that was used during a school-sponsored activity. The Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed the judgment of the district court. The district court found the disruptive-conduct rule unconstitutionally vague and broad, and that withdrawal of the student's name from the graduation speaker's list violated the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment because the rule did not mention such removal as a likely sanction. The court made the case that nothing in the Constitution forbids the states from insisting that certain forms of expression are unfitting and subject to sanctions. (Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, 1969) The court affirmed that students do not "shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate."(Tinker) If the student had given the same speech off the school premises, he would not have been penalized because government officials found his language inappropriate.

Analysis of Online Article

Student Name LING 305W Project #1 Final Draft – Handout 23 February 2012 Genre Analysis of the Online Article, ‘Superfoods’ Everyone Needs Genre: online article Author: Susan Seliger Target Audience: variety of ages; healthy people, healthy cooks, people who want to eat better, people with illnesses, diseases, or other health ailments Article Title: ‘Superfoods’ Everyone Needs Source: www. webmd. com Date: February 2007 Author’s claim: â€Å"A healthy diet incorporating a variety of†¦ superfoods will help you maintain your weight, fight disease, and live longer. (para. 4) My analysis tool: COLFV model, which stands for five elements—content, organization, language, format, and values Blueberries—one of the superfoods Seliger describes. Source: www. sciencedaily. com My claim: Using the COLFV model to analyze the genre of this informative online article, I find that Seliger effectively uses organization, language, and values; however, the content and format of the text could be improved. CONTENT: Feature 1 – Percentages * In reference to the outside source, Elizabeth Somer, Seliger includes percentages. I’d say about 50%-70% of suffering could be eliminated by what people eat and how they move: heart disease, diabetes, cancer, hypertension can all be impacted. † (para. 3) * By including these percentages, the reader can easily refer to them in the text. * Percentages make the comment more tangible. Feature 2 – Comparisons * The author compares age with calcium levels for adults (para. 12). For example, the author includes: â€Å"Age 9-18 – 1300mg; age 19-50 – 1000mg; age 51 and over – 1200mg,† in bullet point format on separate lines. These comparisons by age and level of calcium help readers find which level fits them. * These comparisons are important, however, the ages are limited to adults. Albeit the first group includes children from ages 9-18 , it can be useful for readers to be informed about the levels for younger children. ORGANIZATION: Feature 1 – Classification * Seliger classifies each highlighted superfood in the subheadings. For example, blueberries are the â€Å"antioxident superfood† (above para. 5) whereas tea lowers cholesterol and inhibits cancer (above para. 1). * These classifications help distinguish the beneficial properties of each superfood. Feature 2 –Expansion * Describing the preferred form of beans to purchase for the superfood, fiber, Seliger cites Dr. Ann Kulze (para. 10). Kulze expands beyond the dried, fresh and frozen form of beans by mentioning that consumers should try to avoid canned beans as they contain high amounts of sodium usually. LANGUAGE: Feature 1 – Informal * The author uses vocabulary like â€Å"guess what? † (para. 1) and â€Å"yummiest† (above para. 3). * Seliger does a great job of connecting to her more general audience by using infor mal vocabulary. This shows readers that an expert, like Seliger, is more similar to them. Feature 2 – Acronyms * â€Å"ECGC† is described as a powerful antioxident by the author (para. 11). * Including acronyms can help reduce reading time for readers. * This particular acronym is not defined by each of its letters. This leaves members of the target audience to search for its definition or to overlook it. FORMAT: Feature 1 – Subheadings â€Å"Soy – Superfood to Lower Cholesterol† (above para. 9) and â€Å"Calcium† (above para. 12) are two of the subheadings used by Seliger. * Subheadings nicely guide the reader to the specific content. Specifically, each superfood receives its own section with a subheading and a paragraph description. Feature 2 – Bullet points * Fourteen items (superfoods) after the fourth paragraph and the comparisons by age after the twelfth paragraph receive their own lines with bullet points. * Bullet points help a reader quickly and easily follow emphasized text. Seliger does a great job of including the fourteen superfoods with bullet points as it resembles a shopping list. In fact, a reader could potentially print this portion of the article and refer to the bulleted items as a shopping list at the supermarket. * The comparisons could be enhanced for better reader interpretation if the content were inserted into a table or graph rather than in bullet points. The reader could refer to a visual such as a table more easily and compare each age group side-by-side. VALUES: Feature 1 – The author and the target audience share the same interest in good health. â€Å"A healthy diet incorporating a variety of the following superfoods will help you maintain your weight, fight disease, and live longer. † (para. 4) * For the readers (as described in the target audience on page one of this handout), this line directly connects the benefits of eating superfoods. Feature 2 – The aut hor and the audience share the same understanding that health can be improved. * The author refers to Somer in regards to an additional benefit of Omega 3s being a depression reducer (para. 7). * For the target audience, additional benefits support Seliger’s plea to eat superfoods. Reference Seliger, Susan.

Digi Situational Analysis

Situational Analysis Company Profile Analysis DIGI is the first telecommunication to operate and launch a full digital cellular network in Malaysia on 24 May 1995. Besides, DIGI were also become the first to offer GPRS (2. 5G) and later EDGE (2. 75G) in 14 May 2004 in Malaysia. DIGI is a mobile communication services provider in Malaysia. DIGI has provided service to individuals, businesses and other operators which owned subsidiary, DIGI Telecommunication SDN BHD. There are two packages option offers by DIGI to mobile subscribers is prepaid plan and postpaid voice plan.DIGI has provided variety mobile communication service including SMS, mobile broadband and international roaming and calling and WAP services. According to DIGI the first quarter of 2012 of Non-Audited financial statement, their total net operating revenues increase from RM 1,443,428 thousands to RM 1,575,055 thousands, which increases with 9. 12%. DIGI has approximately RM 4. 9 billion with a subscriber base 0f 7. 7 million. Since year 2005, DIGI has returned in excess of RM6. 8 billion in cash to their entire shareholder, it shows a result that DIGI has a strong capital discipline.Moreover, year 2007, DIGI continues perform well which they improve on their commercial focus and it results their annual revenue growth in excess of 5% between year 2007 and 2010. Product Analysis DIGI is simple to pronounce and spell, which it makes people easy to recall. DIGI has distinguishes itself from the mobile services industry by its distinctive brand name. DIGI are using yellow, white and black color to packaging its own product. The combination of this color can connect or develop target audience of the generation who are vibrant, fresh and ambitious.DIGI is a Telecommunication company, so it has provided different type of mobile and internet services. All these services are including SMS, data plans, prepaid and postpaid voice plans, international roaming and calling and WAP services. For their prepaid v oice plan, DIGI latest prepaid voice plan is called DIGI Easy Prepaid. This package is very effective today, this is because it can enable DIGI user to enjoy 24 hour free calls, SMS and free log into Facebook (zero Facebook). DIGI user can interact with their 3 DIGI Buddyz by free calling or free SMS in 24 hour. There are 80% of mobile subscribers in Malaysia are prepaid users, so DIGI s leading this prepaid market by enhance the value in this segment by increase customer needs and richer mobile features that can made DIGI users can truly appreciate. Besides, DIGI also reward their prepaid user by 10 free SMS when customer reloads as little as RM10. Besides, DIGI also provide postpaid plan to DIGI customers. The package that offers by DIGI is DIGI Smart Plan. This package enable customer to enjoy the unlimited internet access services. By the same token, DIGI also offers the Iphone, Samsung and tablet plan to their customers. Now, DIGI has also offers free Nano sim card to the new D IGI users.Moreover, DIGI also launch their Turbo 3G service on year 2009. The DIGI Turbo 3G is located at most urban and populated area in Malaysia. This 3G service is available for prepaid and postpaid voice plan and also for the broadband. IMC Objective Strengthen Image The objective of DIGI is to develop and strengthen the images of their brand towards the youth and business markets. There is fierce competition on the telecommunication market nowadays. With strong images the company is able to have strong awareness in the mind of consumers and can distinguish themselves over competitors.Higher recognition of the brand through good images could provide loyalty of customers toward the DIGI. For the year 2011, DIGI has invest RM9 million to create their brand advertising campaign and positioning DIGI is an contemporary, innovative, lifestyle centric and quality services that would satisfy their customer’s needs. DIGI is tending to offers the better quality of product and serv ices to increase the customers’ mobility. Through the advertising, DIGI evolves with time to interact with customers and it show DIGI is understand the lifestyle need of DIGI customer. Increase SalesThere are another important objective for DIGI to achieve is the sales and revenues. This is because only revenue or profit allows a company to operate its business well. To achieve this goal, DIGI is keep improving their coverage network and quality services. Besides, DIGI also develop a customer service which with quality and efficient. DIGI product and services is user friendly and it is highly personalized. Through the advertising, DIGI is telling the customer they are improving their coverage and services, it will build trust and confident of customer toward DIGI. So, it will help DIGI to increase sales and revenue.

Inversion

Inversion INSTRUMENTS DE COBRAMENT INSTRUMENTS DE COBRAMENTEfectiu/MetÂÆ' l‚Â ·lic: es habitual en les operacions de venda que el comerÂÆ'Â § detallista realitza amb el consumidor final. Quan cobrem en efectiu tenim de fer una justificaciÂÆ'Â ³ de pagament que es el rebut. L'efectiu ÂÆ'Â ©s l'actiu mÂÆ'Â ©s lÂÆ'Â ­quid de tots els actius d'una empresa.. El cobrament es fa a 0 dies ja que es immediat. No hi ha cost de cobrament i el punt clau es el ingrÂÆ'Â ©s en un dia.TransferÂÆ'ncia:Targetes:Rebuts normalitzat:Rebuts de descompte:DomiciliaciÂÆ'Â ³ bancÂÆ' ria:Confirming:Factoring:Xec: El xec es un document mercantil que contÂÆ'Â © un manament pur i simple, el lliurador ordena a una entitat financera que pagui a la seva presentaciÂÆ'Â ³ i de forma immediata. En el xec intervenen el lliurador(emet el xec , ordena el pagament i escriu la quantitat que vol pagar), el lliurat(sempre ha de ser una entitat bancaria) , tenidor o prenedor(el cobrador del xec).La valoraciÂÆ'Â ³ del xec es fa de 0-2 dies. El seu cost es la comissiÂÆ'Â ³ del banc cap al que emet el xec i el seu punt clau es que es cobra el mateix dia que es rep el xec.Lletra de canvi: Es un instrument de cobrament que no estÂÆ' generat per una entitat financera, sinÂÆ'Â ³ per una persona fÂÆ'Â ­sica o jurÂÆ'Â ­dica. El lliurador obliga a pagar al lliurat, en la data i lloc indicat. Es el lliurador qui emet la lletra de canvi(iniciativa). El lliurador te de pagar un cos per emetre la lletra de canvi que depent del import d'aquesta, a continuaciÂÆ'Â ³ o podem veure.Per acabar, dir que el punt clau de la lletra de canvi es que es transmet de persona a persona i que es pot domiciliar al banc perquÂÆ' es pugui exercir el cobrament automÂÆ' tic en el compte...

All Types of Retirement Home Services India

All Types of Retirement Home Services India The largely ignored ideas of retirement homes in India has been slowly witnessing the increased among consumer across India. The senior citizens are becoming independent and financially stronger than the past. The old-aged persons are now in the search of luxurious facilities for various retirement home projects. Below are the all types of retirement homes in India: Independent Living Home: This type of homes is the oldest concept which was famous in the Indian society. Most of the persons save money in their working day for purchase of a plot and build a small to live in after retirement. With the ample of increase in real estate in India, the rising construction costs increases. But, supervising the daily construction activity was a tough task. Senior Citizen Communities: Senior citizen communities of the destinations have been now replacing the old traditional ways of living homes. Recently, most builders are dedicating senior citizen communities with a host of amenities consisting easy access to the transport, hospital, banks, and other daily necessities. Senior citizen communities are also giving adequate security and hospital services for 24-hours. They are the emotional support for the old citizens after retirement. Assisted Living Homes: With the increase of age, senior citizens need constant medical attention as well as aid. These houses are the ideas which allows elderly to live with an assistant including family member. It can be a nurse or helper. The assisted living houses are a newer concept in India but are likely to pick up in the near future. The benefit of having a medical help also decreases the traveling time to hospitals. They are very useful for people for the people who have some disabilities or health problems. Old Age Homes: Old age homes or skilled nursing care communities are usually built at a near proximity to hospitals. The old age homes have an in-house medical team checking and monitoring the health issues of the old-aged people. They are prone to infections so these old age homes. The old body is very sensitive to diseases and these old age homes act like a nursing care center. Nowadays, the convalescent home services are in joint collaboration between hospital management teams and builders. All these retirement homes in India are offering shelter to the old-aged people after retirement. India has diverse demographic conditions with different financial conditions so now retirement homes are the boom for the old-aged people.

Technical Definitions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Technical Definitions - Coursework Example The attack is considered to be a deliberate action whereby the terrorists release the viruses, bacteria and the germs in order to come with an effect into the environment which will affect any living creature around. The germs, bacteria and viruses are said to be natural and they can be accelerated by use of the biological chemicals and tactics in order to be used negatively into the society. The effects spread into the whole society affecting the living creatures. One of the major reasons for the use of the biological agents is because they have the ability to spread through air, water and food ("Bioterrorism: Learn the Definition and Agents Used." 14). All the three modes of the agent’s flow can affect the environment very greatly. One of the major question over Bioterrorism is, How can it be stopped or be regulated? In the prevention of the attacks there are certain ways that can be used in order to prevent the attack. As a resident of Texas, one must report any suspicious attack that can be realised by reporting the matter to the Department of state of the health services. This is because the staff in the Department depend on the interactive and information of the citizens. Another second way on how to prevent such actions is to elect officials in the offices of the health services in Texas who will be concerned with the health and well being of the living creatures in the city of Texas. However those may not be the only prevention methods for the attacks but with the two key points, the state of Texas can be well prevented from the biological effects and enable a solid prevention over the threats by the bioterrorists. "Biodefense and Bioterrorism: MedlinePlus." U.S National Library of Medicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 24 June 2014.

Allergen cleaning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Allergen cleaning - Assignment Example Much emphasis is kept on sanitizing surfaces in contact with food because undeclared allergens pose a risk to people’s lives. However, it is essential to understand that this method does not remove residues containing allergen proteins. In product purge, the product is passed through a series of processes to remove the residue left in the prior production. This is the best method used to clean enclosed surfaces and areas that are not easily accessible. Wet cleaning is the most efficient method of eliminating allergenic residues in food processing equipment. However, there are situations where water is incapable of cleaning. In such occasions, the best methods involve dry cleaning. b. Summarize the creation of an allergen cleaning SOP including validation (include an explanation of validation vs. verification).   Choose a specific allergen and cite its critical limit to determine "absence".   What type of sampling and assay would you use for validation of this protocol? In order to create a good allergen cleaning SOP, it is necessary to carry out risk assessment tests to establish the best management measures. It is crucial to create an allergen process flow table or a map. This will enable the facilitator understand where the foods and allergenic ingredients exist in the factory and where they ought to be introduced in the cleaning process. It is also essential to create an Allergen Control Plan to each processing facility. Lastly, it is crucial to review and update if necessary the Allergen Control Plan on a regular basis especially when new processes, protocols or ingredients are changed. Depending on the risk being assessed, effective cleaning and sanitizing measures for validation and verification of the equipment and areas in contact with the allergen should be implemented effectively. The main aim of validation is to ensure that the cleaning process used is capable of removing the concerned allergen. Immunological screening methods are

Organizational Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organizational Culture - Essay Example There are various perspectives that are used in interpreting the organisational culture. Each organisation has its stated approach in interpreting organisational culture. This explains the reason why there is a discrepancy in the performance of many organisations operating in the same field. For instance, some organisations fuse organisational culture with other aspects that enhance its performance. On the other hand, some organisations solely rely on the organisational culture to enhance their performance. As it is explicitly seen, some organisations will have an upper hand as compared to other organisations (Levinson, 2010:15). The first perspective in organisational culture is the scope of maintaining the organisational culture at all times. In this perspective, an organisation sticks to its intended organisational culture at all times. Though there may be changing times, the organisation will focus on its organisational culture through all times. This is mostly done in organisati ons that have strong organisational cultures that were implemented by the founding fathers. Some of these organisations were formed long time ago with strong organisational cultures that were influential in the success of the organisation. To ensure the organisation keeps improving, the organisation makes the decision that it will stick to the organisational culture as initially stated. To begin with, some organisations stick to their initial organisational culture to enhance uniformity. Uniformity explains the way people in the organisation interact, work and behave. This is a continuous process that does not change through different times. For instance, some organisations have a belief that their behaviour inside and outside the organisation will have direct effects on the... The researcher of this essay states that success in any organisation starts with understanding of an organisation’s culture. Workers and people that understand the culture of an organisation are well prepared to make effective changes when they are needed. For instance, the organisational culture explains the acceptable behaviour as required by the organisation. As such, workers will be observant as they do not want to let down the organisation. Collective assumption of such will enhance the performance of the organisation as all the workers are in unison. Secondly, organisational culture shows enhanced communication in an organisation. Thirdly, understanding organisational culture shows uniformity and organised working. The workers will be in constant communication in achieving the organisation’s goals and vision. As such they will be working in unison for the success of the organisation. Fourthly, understanding organisational culture ensures workers are focused on imp lementing positive attributes in the organisation. This includes success, service delivery, quality production and uplifting the name if the organisation that were discussed in the essay. Lastly, Understanding organisational culture ensures there is development of people’s experience. In conclusion, organisational culture is a vital aspect that should be given utter consideration. This will be vital in making the developments as required. However, when the organisational culture is not observed, the organisation is not likely to make positive change.

The Century Closed The World Became Smaller Information Technology Essay

The Century Closed The World Became Smaller Information Technology Essay As the century closed, the world became smaller. The public rapidly gained access to new and dramatically faster communication technologies. Entrepreneurs, able to draw on unprecedented scale economies, built vast empires. Great fortunes were made. The government demanded that these powerful new monopolists be held accountable under antitrust law. Every day brought forth new technological advances to which the old business models seemed no longer to apply. Yet, somehow, the basic laws of economics asserted themselves. Those who mastered these laws survived in the new environment. Those who did not, failed. Purpose The purpose of this Master Thesis is to analyze the transportation and logistics industry and examine how eBusiness has affected this industry. We will study the changes that have already occurred as well as entry to identify possible future eBusiness trends as well as changes within the industry. Delimitation The expression electronic commerce usually refers to exchange that utilizes an electronic channel for communication between buyer and seller. This electronic channel could be for instance EDI or the Internet. The focus of this thesis is, however, only exchange that uses the Internet. We therefore use the expression eBusiness. We define eBusiness as exchange that is enabled or facilitated by the use of the Internet in the buyer-supplier relation. Method In this section the methods of work that have been used in our analysis will be explained. Triangulation has been used as a mean for combining the different quantitative and qualitative methods used in order to illustrate the problem from several different angles. The purpose of this was to improve the analysis results validation. Tackling the problem from several directions has also improved our knowledge of the same. The three methods we have chosen are review of literature, questionnaire sent to companies in the industry and case studies. The main reason for choosing these methods was to get a broad understanding of the industry situation and include as many relevant factors as possible into our analysis. This way we reduce the risk of missing important aspects because of limitations in our frames of reference and our analytical tools. Theoretical framework One of the most discussed issues today is the new digital economy. We are living in and doing business in a world where information and ideas are the new capital. The key driver of this economic shift is the Internet, hence the term digital economy. The Internet has wielded this power because it has introduced two essential changes that together are turning industries inside out. These two changes are: 1. The Internet makes unprecedented amounts of information available more easily, universally and cheaply than ever before. 2. The Internet creates a universal and instant connection. A connection between people, between business and their customers and between business and their partners. These two central changes have in turn generated a host of new change factors that businesses must come to terms with. Figure1 shows how new communication technology affects different areas within a company that in turn leads to changed industry structure. This also illustrates the structure of the theoretical also illustrates the structure of the theoretical approach. One can summaries the literature written on eBusiness into three major areas that are highly important in business making. Areas that all have been affected by the use of the Internet: industrial relations, business efficiency and products. There are also other significant changes that the Internet have given rise to and/or driven further ahead, which are described in Other the Internet Driven Effects. EBUSINESS AFFECTS RELATIONS To understand and intelligently attack industrial marketing problems, a number of substantial differences between industrial and consumer marketing must be recognized. These differences are often of degree rather than kind, but the degrees of differences are substantial. Marketing in the industrial world is much more a general management responsibility than it is in the consumer-products field. In a consumer goods company major changes in marketing strategy can be made and carried out within the marketing department. EBUSINESS AND PRODUCTS Every business today competes in two worlds: a physical world of resources and a virtual world made of information1. The latter has given rise to the world of eBusiness, a new locus of value creation. The value chain in the physical world treats information as a supporting element of the value-added process, not as a source of value itself. By gathering, organizing and distributing the information received from the market space, companies can use it to create new products and new value for customers in the virtual value chain. In this work Product is used as a metaphor for products or services. The nature of products can therefore be both tangible and intangible. Often a companys subject of exchange is part product and part service. One of the most noticeable consequences of the economic shift of paradigm today is that the part of a product that is service or information becomes larger and larger. In many industries not widely considered information businesses, information actually r epresents a large percentage of the cost structure1. Investments in the electronic channel displace traditional sales, marketing and service costs; moreover, the technology allows companies to offer increasingly higher levels of service without incurring incremental costs for each transaction2. Also today, knowledge and information are the prime commodities, either as the main object of transactions or as very important component of them The Internet and differentiation The competitive situation on the Internet is often described as perfect competition. What are the consequences of this? According to economic theories, firms competing on a market characterized as perfect competition will, in the long-run equilibrium, make zero economic profit4. Very few companies want to compete on a market without economic profit. Companies should therefore avoid competing solely on the basis of price. Consequently, the issue of differentiation will be more important in eBusiness. A well-known way to differentiate products is by adding services to the original offering. A companys offering can therefore, if associated with the right services, be more valuable to a customer than a competitors equivalent product. The Internet could for example be used to provide value-adding information or services to buyers of a tangible product, thus differentiating it from competitors. The Internet and diversification The Internet can be seen as a platform for innovation. It is a way to produce new combinations of information and products/services without incurring the traditional costs of complexity that exists in the physical world. For instance, information that arises from a companys traditional business can be gathered and used to serve new customer segments. Standard Poors Corporation, a company that traditionally provided financial information to institutional customers, uses its stored information to provide financial planning services to private customers over the Net. INCREASED BUSINESS EFFICIENCY One of the major reasons for the immense interest for eBusiness today is that it has great influence on business efficiency. The primary reason for this is the fact that eBusiness can decrease transaction costs, i.e. the costs related to administrating each purchase. Together with the way the Internet lets companies integrate and organize their flow of information we get a winning concept for lowering costs and increasing efficiency. Consequently, the Internet can increase efficiency in complete supply chains, thus increasing the capacity in whole networks. The Internet also increases the transparency of markets and thereby enables buyers to compare products and prices quickly and easily. This puts them in a better bargaining position and shifts the information advantage from sellers to buyers. Hence, the Internet might induce lowered costs for companies purchasing online and therefore indirectly affect the efficiency. Transaction costs One of the most significant effects of eBusiness is that transaction costs decrease. Transaction costs are most important in business to business cases as consumers not are directly afflicted with costs for spending more time while shopping. However, as the lowered costs move down the value chain, in the end the consumer will benefit as well. IMPLICATIONS OF EBUSINESS What are the implications of eBusiness on B2B relations? We have presented a review of how affects B2B relations. We would now like to summaries this and at the same time point out the main issues of eBusiness. These will later on be used as a base for our analysis of the transportation and logistics industry Relationships We believe the Internet as a relationship enabler is of such importance that it needs to be dealt with specifically. The Internet can affect a companys relations with customers, suppliers, partners and community. eBusiness and products The Internet allows firms to create both new and enhanced products and services. Creating new services is made possible by the Internets capacity for transferring large amounts of data cost-effectively. Also, the Internets geographical reach and propensity to connect people and companies give rise to new products and services. Consequently, eBusiness can be new business. Moreover, eBusiness can affect profits. Increased Business Efficiency One of the major reasons for the immense interest for eBusiness today is that it has great influence on business efficiency. There are primarily two reasons for this. First, the Internet lets companies integrate and organize their flow of information. Second, eBusiness can decrease transaction costs, i.e. the costs related to administrating each purchase. Consequently, the Internet can increase efficiency in complete supply chains or networks. INDUSTRYDESCRIPTION Mankind has always depended upon the means of transportation and the development of transport systems is directly associated with the expansion of civilization. Moreover, there has always been connection between production, trading and transportation. Even the old Egyptian Pharaohs realized the value in having a well functioning net of transports and their usage of the Nile can now be recognized as the foundation of their empire1. The first city in Sweden also developed by waterways since traffic on water was a condition for the existence and growth of cities in these days2. Since a geographical area, city or nation alone cannot produce all the goods demanded, a need for transports to import the missing goods arises. The specific area can also export their surplus to other regions that lack these goods and a two-way flow has thereby occurred. After a while, regions will start to specialize, i.e. they will produce the goods that will give them the most comparative advantage3. Speciali zation makes efficiencies through economies of scale and economies of experience possible, which in turn can lower costs. This makes it possible for companies to ship their products even further away. The larger production volumes also demand larger markets, which is why companies look abroad to sell their products. THE EVOLUTION OF TRANSPORTATION Up until the beginning of the nineteenth century, shipping was the most important mean of transportation. Then the industrialism started to sweep the continent and by the division of labor and automation, companies could now mass-produce goods using economies of scale, which demanded larger markets as mentioned earlier. This required a well working transportation net, which made the railroad the most effective means of transportation4. The railroad was needed in order to deliver raw material to factories and to distribute produced goods to the markets. LOGISTIC QUALITY Over the years vendors have noticed that buyers tolerance for errors is getting smaller and logistics managers everywhere are being put under pressure because of this. Quality is important to supply-chain thinking because, literally, the supply chain is no better than its weakest link. Whichever link in the supply chain is responsible for questionable quality will be the first eliminated1.Quality has always been important to logistic operators, and today nearly all companies appear to be in the pursuit of high quality. There are several reasons for this2. One is the just-in-time (JIT) concept, which leaves no spare stores to fall back on in case a defect is found. A second is the replacement of mechanical devices by electronic ones with the latter being much more accurate. A third reason is that as possibilities for partnership arrangements present themselves. Companies are wary of being linked to a supplier that does not share similar ideas or believes about quality measures or conc epts. THE NEED FOR INFORMATION IN THE INDUSTRY The main purposes of goods transports are to deliver material or products from one location to another at a required moment. The transportation process therefore generates a flow of goods. To accomplish the transportation mission satisfactorily there is a great need for information. Case study: Schenker-BTL BTL is an acronym for Bilspedition Transport and Logistics. The Compan was one of the dominating transportation companies in Sweden for a long time. Now BTL has been merged with Schenker AG and formed Schenker-BTL. BTL is thereby part of one of the largest transportation companies in Europe. THE COMPANY We will in this section give a brief description of Schenker-BTL (from now on referred to as S-BTL). It is however, difficult to find accurate and updated information about the new company. Even the employees seem to be confused about the structure of their company. Due to the transformation the company is going through much of the information found in annual reports is inaccurate. Also, as a consequence of the new ownership, there will be no new annual reports or interim reports released from S-BTL. Our description is at large based on information obtained through interviews and information form the corporate website. The purpose is to give the reader a rough description of the companys size and business. EBUSINESS There are two major approaches to eBusiness for S-BTL. The Internet strategy is primarily focused on providing logistic support for companies that want to do eBusiness. Moreover, S-BTLs offers services related to its pure transportation business on the corporate website. We have analyzed how S-BTL uses the Internet to create new business and add value to the traditional services. We will first describe how S-BTL uses its website, then we discuss S-BTL as a logistical partner in eBusiness. SUMMARY United Parcel Service (UPS) is one of the worlds largest express carrier and package delivery companies. The company was founded in 1907 in the USA and today operates an international small package and document network in more than 200 countries and territories. Every day UPS delivers more than 12 million packages and documents. Since the company serves a global market with its transportation services and in order to reach its customers quickly, UPS has turned to information technology and electronic commerce to help them gain a leadership position. THE SURVEY As a part of our work with analyzing how the Internet affects the transportation industry we have sent out a survey to 82 of the companies in this industry. We chose the companies that are members of the Swedish International Freight Association and that have a web site. The purpose of the survey is to investigate how Swedish transportation companies use the Internet and what sort of problems it brings. We do not intend to make any quantitative conclusions for the industry as such since the sample of companies is to narrow. The survey will simply act as a guideline to the future the Internet usage in the transportation industry THE QUESTIONS The questions were divided into five areas: historical and future changes, strategy, prime movers, purpose, problems and miscellaneous. In the first two we intended to find out what the companies in the industry thought of the Internet, how it had affected their business making and what might happen in the future. The following four questions were asked to indicate the purpose of an Internet investment, which was behind it and what problems it brought along. The last question was about other significant trends in the industry that are not entirely connected to the Net but still important for the industrys future. CONCLUSIONS Until now, the Internet has primarily been perceived as a communication tool, both for internal as well as external use. This is also regarded to be of future importance though the companies also see the Net as a way to attract new customers. Another field of application for the Internet is marketing as well as a tool for development of new products and/or increasing their values. Only half of the companies in the survey seem to have a specific the Internet strategy whereas the other half has not. However, at a majority of the companies, the Internet related issues are often discussed on top management level leading us to believe that the industry has realized the Nets importance. An explanation to why the Internet has not had a serious breakthrough yet might be the Y2K problem. A total of 78 percent held this as a more important issue. Nevertheless, most companies consider the Internet to be a natural part of future strategies and significant for future competitive advantage. For mo st companies, the prime movers for an Internet investment have been either top management or a specific person at their company. The purposes of the investment were to attract new customers, improve customer service, and increase the value on services, sales and to satisfy to customers expectations. However, not as many as we expected claimed the purpose of the investment to be efficiency improvements. The majority of the companies did not appear to have any specific problems with their Internet investment. Not even the complexity, security and reliability issues seem to be major obstacles. Neither do the companies believe that the Internet usage will reduce the personal contacts. Still, many feel that it is difficult to measure the effects of their investment. The future trends appear to be at home deliveries and logistics management. However, fewer than we anticipated thinks that single sourcing and Net-based transportation exchange firms would have a significant impact on the transportation industry. Analysis One of the most noticeable consequences of eBusiness is that new Business models emerge. The emerging eBusiness models are a result of the new technological possibilities for communication and the new possibilities for creating products and services that the Internet brings about. This has been noted in several industries and the transportation and logistics industry is no different. We have found that companies in this industry go about eBusiness in three ways. We will discuss each of these as a model of eBusiness. The models are. 1. The first model includes companies that use the Internet for customer interaction. Usually this means that regular off-line services are marketed on a corporate website. We call this model Classic Services. 2. Logistic Providers for eBusiness firms. Companies develop and operate logistic solutions for firms that sell goods on the web. Generally involves delivering to consumers, i.e. at home deliveries. 3. New business models that are completely the Internet-based. Companies in this group has no physical assets, the concept is to connect buyers and sellers of transportation services.à ´Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ´Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ´Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ Classic Services The first business model to be discussed in the analysis is the classic services model. As the name implies, this eBusiness model is about marketing classic transportation services on the Internet. They are classic in the sense that most of the Internet services are originally offered off-line. This analysis will describe the services and examples on how the companies in our case studies use them will be given. We will also discuss how the Internet is used for communicating and some of the problems related to the classic services. The Internet services The services offered by the companies in this group are usually regular off-line services that have been converted to the Internet. Common services are booking, tracking and timetables, thus, services that traditionally have been handled via telephone or fax. The customer is often required to register to use the services. We will now give a few examples of regular services. Communication The companies in the classic groups use their websites for communicating with both customers and community. Usually the company and its services are presented along with press and investor information. Moreover, most companies give information on how to reach them and some also answers to frequently asked questions have. Using the Internet for communicating company information is a fast and effective channel and should therefore not be neglected CONCLUSIONS This chapter will present our conclusions on how the transportation and logistics industry has been affected by eBusiness. We will also present our view of how eBusiness will evolve in this industry. The results exhibited in this chapter are based on the case studies and the survey, which have been presented throughout this thesis The most significant effect of eBusiness is that new business models emerge. These models are a result of the new technological possibilities for communication and the new possibilities for creating products and services that the Internet brings about. We have found three different eBusiness models in the transportation and logistics industry. We refer to these as Classic Services and Logistic Providers. The Classic Services eBusiness model is about marketing classic transportation services on the Internet. The Classic Services group of companies is the dominating one in our case studies. Common services are booking, tracking and timetables, thus, services that traditionally have been handled via telephone or fax. The usage of the services is generally very low. The services found in this group are seldom very innovative. Still, we regard the booking and tracking services to have a great potential both for increased efficiency as well as enhanced customer service, but the concepts has to be reworked in order to attract more customers. The customers booking process has to be assessed in order to establish how the Internet is best utilized to simplify the customers situation. Also, companies need to attend the problem of how reach the efficiency increases that the Internet enables without losing the social contact and trust that the customers demand. Being a Logistic Provider implies t hat the transportation and logistics company provides services such as: warehousing, inventory control, assembling and distribution to their clients. The transportation companies believe that strategic partnering with the Internet retailers has the greatest potential in eBusiness, this because the Internet shopping is believed to grow immensely over the next few years. Now the Internet start-ups are also considered to be more inclined to outsource the logistic operations than most traditional businesses. The biggest change that the Internet business has brought about for the industry is the increase of at home deliveries. The important issues in this new business are time of delivery (evenings), payment, capacity, utilization and logistic efficiency. The future All of the companies that we have studied are industry pioneers in the Field of eBusiness. We believe that other companies in the industry will go about eBusiness in the same way as the companies that we have described. The future will show which models that are profitable. We believe that the Classic Services model will gain in popularity as more transportation companies and customers realize the potential for efficiency increases this model has. Yet, there do not seem to be any plans to extend the range of offered services. Some companies believe that technological developments will enable further increases in efficiency and enhanced service. We also expect that an increasing number of small and medium sized firms will discover how the Internet can be used for connecting complete value chains. The Internet can thereby transform the way that third party logistics is performed. The future of the Logistic Providers is set by the rate at which the Internet trade grows. Though, this growth is to some extent due to how well the at home delivery services are developed. The marketplace Models will probable need a few years to show results. The success of this model is depending on a cumbersome change in both attitude and behavior of transport firms and customers.