Pop Art Was Simply a Reflection of Consumer Society and Mass Media

Pop art was simply a reflection of consumer society and mass media, not a critique. Discuss with reference to the work of 3 artists. Pop Art was one of the major art movements of the twentieth century. It brought art back to the material realities of daily life, in which ordinary people derived most their visual pleasure from popular mass culture, such as advertising, television, magazines, or comic books and comic strips. As it emerged from the experiments of the fifties, was the ideal instrument for coming to grips with the American urban environment. Stangos, 1997) As the post-war generation and the stable political situation, it drove people back to the qualities of life. At the same times, America urban environment was influence by industrialism, consumer society and the mass media explosion. The pop artists have found subjects, which have previously been ‘invisible’ because they are so much a part of our surroundings that we don’t see them. These things now begin to appear, once the artists have pointed them out, and we discover that the world is full of ‘Pop object,’ which are expressive of our times and our values for better or for worse. Mahsun, 1989, p. 163) Pop art was established from the reality of basic consumer society; therefore, it was accepted by the society easily.Pop art is said to be a reflection of culture as artists are giving new interpretation to different ordinary objects in their art works. Jasper Johns establish his career in art in 1954, he uses flags, numbers, letters and maps these kind of common symbols in daily life as element or theme of his art work. Jasper talks about his work, ‘Flags’ (fig. ), in which he thinks that flag this kind of most ordinary objects ‘can be dealt with without having to judge them, they seem to me to exist as clear facts, not involving aesthetic hierarchy. ’ (Harrison and Wood, 2001, p. 721) He adds that ‘one thinks it has forty-eight sta rs and suddenly it has fifty stars; it is no longer of any great interest. ’‘The painting of a flag is always about a flag, but it is no more about a flag than it is about a brush-stroke or about a color or about the physicality of the paint, I think. (Harrison and Wood, 2001, p. 723) People will not care anymore about the cultural meaning of a flag, such as the meaning behind the number of stars of flag, but it transforms to a new representation of merely art element—- brush-stroke, color and paint. The deform of ordinary objects is reformed into a new image using oil and collage on fabric. By looking at the quality of work, one may say it is unfinished, however Jasper said it is his intention. ‘I think a painting should include more experience than simply intended statement.I personally would like to keep the painting in a state of ‘ shunning statement’, so that one is left with the fact that one can experience individually as one pleases; th at is, not to focus the attention in one way, but to leave the situation as kind of actual thing, so that the experience of it is variable. ’ (Harrison and Wood, 2001, p. 726) Besides he is interested in deforming objects, he also intended to leave the painting not ‘perfect’ as people usually conceived, to let viewer to ‘experience’ and interpret the painting in their own way.Lippard (1966) also said that he has neutralized the gap between life and art by composing ‘imperfect synthesis of motif and treatment’. The question about is it a painting or flag is no more important. He integrates art and life with the use of ordinary objects and the imperfect way to treat his art. The new interpretation of ordinary culture is arousing resonance of viewers rather that a voicing out a statement to challenge the society. Andy Warhol, another master of pop art giving a new interpretation of mass production. For the most 1950s he was a successful gra phic designer, particularly in the field of shoe illustration.In 1960, Warhol, produced his first canvases depicting comic strip characters. The canonical repeated Soup Cans, Disaster, Elvises and Marilyns followed in 1962. Warhol talks about his work, ‘Campbell’s Soup Cans,’(fig. 2), for the reason he start painting soup cans ‘because I used to drink it. I used to have the same lunch every day, for twenty years, I guess, the same thing over and over again. ’(Harrison and Wood, 2001, P. 732) Painting usually reflects the painter’s mind, which is happening around them. And the Soup cans totally reflect what Warhol’s life had and what he concerned.Daily objects are used again as the theme of art work which is reminding viewers about very common objects, which Warhol is placing a new value and thought into them through his work. Another series of painting, the death series (fig. 3), and the reason to start this series is because there was lots of disaster news from the mass media. Warhol realized that everything he was doing must have been Death. That started it. But he believed when one see a horrible picture over and over again would lose the effect (Harrison and Wood, 2001, P. 732).He even wants to repeat the images like what a machine does. In the 60s, most of the American similar to Warhol repeating their life likes a machine. No one would like to be a machine, but Warhol does. Warhol said that ‘I want to be a machine, and I feel that whatever I do and do machine like is what I want to do. ’ (Harrison and Wood, 2001, P. 732) In 1963 Warhol was mass-producing the images by silkscreen technique, for the repeated images ‘makes us aware again of objects which have lost their visual recognition through constant exposure.We take a fresh look at things familiar to us, yet uprooted from their ordinary contexts, and reflect upon the meaning of contemporary existence. ’(Stangos, 1997, P. 229) War hol wants an art that will appeal to everybody, and his ‘products’ range from soup to cheesecake, Brillo to Marilyn Monroe, nose surgery to Jacqueline Kennedy, as he mention ‘everything is beautiful, Pop is everything. ’ (Stangos, 1997) Once again, his art work reflects the mundane daily life of Warhol. It becomes widespread and popular because of the objects are so attached to everyone’s common life in America, which recalls people’s memory.It is more probably that he is playful to ordinary materials, giving new look to them, mass producing them, rather to give a critical statement to the contemporary society. Roy Lichtenstein, who was a founder and foremost practitioner of pop art, he interest in the comic-strip cartoon and blown-up enlargements of things as an art theme probably began with a painting of Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck, ‘Look Mickey’ (fig. 4). Although he was initially dissatisfied with his technique and uncomforta ble with direct appropriation, he took great pleasure in presenting well-known comic-strip figures in a fine art format.He thinks that Pop art is commercial art which is used as subject matter in painting. (Franciz, Mark and Foster, 2005) He is interested in signs and comic strips because they are ‘usable, forceful and vital about commercial art†¦. We are using those things—- but we are not really advocating stupidity, international teenagerism and terrorism. ’ (Franciz, Mark and Foster, 2005, p. 229) The use of ‘comic strips’ itself already brings the cultural effect which everyone could digest easily, while he did not intend to give a judgment to the culture or society.Roy also said that he painted directly. To express the things in a painterly style would dilute it; the techniques he uses are not commercial, they only appear to be commercial and the ways of seeing and composing and unifying are different and have different ends. Roy believes pop art looks out into the world; it appears to accept its environment, which is not good or bad, but different-another state of mind. And the tension between apparent object-directed products and actual ground- directed processes is an important strength of pop art. Mahsun, 1989,) When the curator at the modern museum has called pop art fascistic and militaristic, ‘the 1st televised war’ (fig 5), Roy said that ‘The heroes depicted in comic books are fascist types, but I don’t take them seriously in these paintings- maybe there is a point in not taking them seriously, a political point. I use them for purely formal reason, and that’s not what those heroes were invented for†¦. Pop art has very immediate and of the moment meanings which will vanish- that kind of thing is ephemeral- and pop takes advantage of this ‘meaning’ which is not supposed to last, to divert you from its content.I think the formal statement in my work will become clearer in time. ’ (Mahsun, 1989, P. 113) It is clear that Roy does not take the heroic effect of cartoon strip itself seriously, even agrees with the fading meaning of pop art it may convey. It does not matters to him whether the effect will be long-lasting. He takes the immediate effect of cartoon images which are popular and influential in the moment. One could hardly think about he is criticizing the culture from his own statement. In 50s to 60s America societies, pop culture is the product of the Industrial Revolution, and of the series of technological revolutions that succeed it. Nikos Stangos, 1997) The impact of Mass media from radio, television or magazine advertising was fully influenced in America urban environment, who can live without this complicated mass media element. According to impact of mass media, the commonplace objects (such as comic strips, famous star and commodities) were used as subject matter in pop art. When the pop artists discovered those â₠¬Ëœinvisible’ objects, they realized that there were full of new interesting art element surround them. When the daily commodities become an art piece, the relationship between the commonplace objects and the consumer are resonating easily.That is the reason why pop art acceptance and recognition by the consumer society and become a fad quickly. (Harrison and Wood, 2001,) It is more prone that Pop art is reflecting the society and culture rather than judging it. ‘Everything about pop art was, and is, transient and provisional. By embracing these qualities, the pop artists held a mirror to society itself. ’ (Stangos, 1997, P. 238) | | | (Fig. 1) Flags, 1952| | (Fig. 2) Campbell’s Soup Can, 1962| | | | | | | (Fig. 3) five deaths, 1963| | (Fig. 4) Look mickey,1961| | | | | | | (Fig. 5) The 1st televised war,1972| | |Reference list: Francis, Mark and Foster, 2005, Hal (eds). Pop, Phaidon, New York Harrison, C and Wood, P 2001, Art in theory: 1900-2000: and ant hology of changing ideas, Oxford, Blackwell. Honnet, K 2007, Andy Warhol 1928-1987 commerce into Art, Taschen, Germany Lippard,L. R, 1966, Pop Art, Thames and Hudson, London Livingstone, M, 2000, Pop art a continuing history, Thames and Hudson, Singapore Mahsun, C. A. R, 1989, Pop Art the critical dialogue, UMI Research Press, London Stangos, N, 1997, Concepts of Modern Art, third edition, Thames and Hudson, Singapore

It is never too late to give up our prejudices

People have always been and always will be prejudiced. There are prejudices of all kinds. Some have prejudices about skin color or religion, others about nationality or sexuality or something else. And other people are prejudiced about everything that they do not consider normal. Henry David Thoreau said: â€Å"It is never too late to give up our prejudices†. And for some people It Is true: they outgrow their prejudices and learn to be more unbiased.Then there are those who retain their prejudices all theirs life. People do not like to admit that they are wrong, so the latter are unfortunately the majority In our world. We can all agree that most prejudices are taught to us by our parents and the environment we grow up In. In the period of Nazism children In Germany and other Nan countries were taught from birth to hate Jews and Gypsies. It was the policy of government and It was dangerous to behave differently. Nowadays the majority of those people's descendants do not have t hese prejudices.They have learnt from their forefathers' mistakes and now are a lot more tolerate. Of course, there are still those who hate people of different nationality in different countries. There are still a lot of hate crimes, in which the victim is targeted because of his or her race, religion, sexuality and so on. While it is true that there are people so bigoted they can never let go of their prejudices, there are others who change theirs views and abandon their prejudiced ways. People are usually biased against things they have no idea about.So for them to let go of these prejudices they must learn about different things, get to know all kinds of people, make friends and try to see things from their point of view. Then they will be able to understand that different does not mean weird or freaky. Normality is overrated anyway. Everybody is deferent in one way or another. We are not robots after all to be the same. To be different, not like everybody else is wonderful. It does not make you a freak. Unfortunately people are afraid of those who are not like them and we usually hate something we fear.There was the UK Klux Klan in the USA. It was a secret organization of White Protestant Americans, mainly in the South, who used violence against Blacks, Jews, and other minority groups. They used to terrorize those they did not like. And these minority groups could very rarely find protection and Justice: if o were Black you had little to no rights. There are a lot films made and books written about this. Now the USA government proclaims tolerance: all people are equal under the law, have the same rights and responsibilities.Things change, people are too. It is the way of life. In my opinion, all people should be equal. We are all human beings at the end of the day. We all can and must learn to be as open- minded as possible. We must learn to live without hate and fear. These feelings nobody ever made happy. Therefore a life with no prejudices Is better th an with them. Our prejudices†. And for some people it is true: they outgrow their prejudices and unfortunately the majority in our world.We can all agree that most prejudices are taught to us by our parents and the environment we grow up in. In the period of Nazism children in Germany and other Nazi countries were taught from birth to hate Jews and Gypsies. It was the policy of government and it was dangerous to behave different in one way or another. We are not robots after all to be the same. To be Unfortunately people are afraid of those who are not like them and we usually hate nobody ever made happy. Therefore a life with no prejudices is better than with

Individual IMC Campaign Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Individual IMC Campaign Proposal - Essay Example Despite its essential services to the community, the organisation lacks popularity with the general public. The Integrated Marketing Communication campaign proposal seeks to address some of these problems and offer a tangible solution. The core objectives of this campaign are to advance the organization’s monetary donation, increase the number of its clients, advance public awareness and increase the number of volunteers. The organization also seeks to improve its online services. The integrated marketing proposal aims at the identification and execution of cooperative objectives, marketing communication objectives and the organisation marketing objectives. The selection of the most effective marcomm tools in integrated marketing proposal is necessary and demanding as it reduces the resources and time required in popularising an organisation. The integrated marketing communication proposal will also incorporate the contextual analysis, background information, marketing communi cation objectives, marketing communication strategy, communication methods, most effective marcomm tools, positioning, media, campaign message, scheduling, resources, evaluation and control. Table of Contents Executive summary 1 Table of Contents 2 Background Information 3 Communication Methods 7 Message 7 Positioning 7 Media 9 Scheduling 9 Budget 11 Budget Breakdown 11 Control and Evaluation 12 To assess the achievement of the integrated marketing communication plan, the organization is planning to evaluate each objective on its own merit. The organization is as a result proposing to use daily assessments on the clients served, volunteer hours, and cash intakes to evaluate the organization’s monetary and non-monetary revenues. The managers are expected to fill the daily assessment form for evaluation and analyses by the stakeholders. The data will be compiled at the end of each month. The organization will also use survey method to evaluate the development in public awarenes s. In this strategy, the organisation intends to use previous survey report as the main baseline for the evaluation. The plan will be rated as effective if the organisation’s popularity is rated to be at least 17 % higher than the previous number. The organizers will compare and contrast the current data with the previous data to examine the success of the plan. 12 Members of the public will be given a questionnaire to fill some questions regarding the organisation’s goals and objectives. To mitigate the possibilities of printing errors and the cost of distribution, the organization will rely on online services in the analysis of the public awareness progress. The organization will also employ online services to evaluate the effectiveness of the media coverage and social media services. Online clients will be served with online questionnaires to examine their satisfaction with the organisation service delivery. In addition, the organization is intending to use Google A nalytic Free Service to collect and evaluate its post website developments. The core aim of these evaluation measures is to evaluate the success of the plan and offer the most effective improvement recommendations. 12 References 14 Background Information The core aim of having a comprehensive integrated marketing communication International Women’

NHS Should Cover Lifestyle Diseases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

NHS Should Cover Lifestyle Diseases - Essay Example The National Health Service (NHS) is a UK government entity that provides health care to patients regardless of their ailments, social, political or religious inclinations as long as one is a UK citizen or has lived in the country for more than 12 months among other conditions. Funds to facilitate healthcare through this scheme are generated mainly from taxes collected from the public. It is estimated that every individual in the country contributes close to ?1000 every financial year totalling the collections to approximately ?100 billion as per 2008/9 budget (Hanson, 2010). This paper is a critical evaluation on whether the NHS should take care of illnesses that are as a result of dangerous habits such as smoking, alcohol abuse, poor dieting among others. Primary Healthcare Trusts (PCTs) in the UK are reportedly refusing to offer certain kinds of treatment to patients, who are considered as living unhealthy life thus barring them from benefiting from the NHS scheme. These patients are for example smokers, abusers of alcohol, and those who have body mass indexes (BMI) exceeding 30 or who are generally overweight and obese. According to Rojas (2012), â€Å"The NHS has been accused of blocking access to surgery for smokers and obese patients.† This has been attributed to the intent of the health sector to save money. Such restrictions are being observed in PCTs in places such as North Essex, Lincolnshire, Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire among others, which are numerous. To begin with, such kinds of restrictions are discriminatory based on the fact that all UK citizens are human beings, who are created equally and with equal rights and privileges, which cannot be denied on the basis of trying to economise on financial resources. The NHS is a scheme, which is there to take care of all citizens’ health needs irrespective of their personal habits especially with the consideration that these people pay taxes, which fund the operations of the scheme (Ham, 2008). Personal habits such as smoking and drinking of alcohol are every person’s right to choose whether to indulge or not. Otherwise, the government could have banned their use long time ago thereby making it illegal to possess or consume. Every citizen has an inalienable right to pursue happiness and if such reward can be found in the use of these legal substances, then, no institution or individual should try and force people to abandon them. The decision to quit smoking, drinking or to minimize intake of junk food is personal but this does not mean that those who choose not to should be condemned to torture, discrimination or death. Denying people of treatment on the basis of their personal habits is a measure that the government should not even contemplate as this does not help them in any way. In deed, it only complicates their health and this may result to deaths that are otherwise preventable. Apart from paying taxes, these people, whether obese or otherwise, contri bute to the country’s economic growth through their different economic activities and services, which they provide to the nation. It therefore goes without saying that if they

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 14

Project Management - Essay Example The starting point is where the concept of a project is developed, a core concept to begin the project with. Ending time is where the project is finalized after meeting up all of its planned objectives. In case of uncompleted project, project is being terminated. 3. Unique deliverable: producing some deliverables is the aim of every project. These deliverables look into the need or problem related to a project before its execution. Every project is done or made to get the results. 4. Progressive Elaboration: when a certain project is being done then, continuous improvements and investigations related to a project also becomes the part of it. This investigation and improvements leads towards an accuracy of a project. For an example: in the project of agriculture, the increase in the production and marketing might be done on the basis of provision of water. Water would be the second priority once the agriculture parts are well under way. 7. Management of a project: this characteristic deals with the planning, controlling and execution of a project. It ensures that the project’s delivery is successfully being done on time. These are basically the objectives and strategies in association of a project. Management of a project also strengthens the company’s management, minimizes the factor of risk and accomplishes the changes in association with the company’s

Ritual Sacrifice in a Nameless Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ritual Sacrifice in a Nameless Society - Essay Example Moreover, the essay looks deep into instituting advanced ways of offering sacrifices (ways that have no impact to a living creature). Finally, here are the reasons for adopting better ways of instituting rituals. From time in the past, sacrifices offered to holy beings worshipped by the inhabitants of a certain community establish the terms that people are to live with one another. Interaction of beings in a society is crucial, especially to the rulers who desire to enact changes in the cultural beliefs. People from the same community should have similar guiding principals concerning who to worship and when to worship. Frazer asserts that it is necessary to offer as forfeit to the Gods. Rulers (specifically kings) carry out the burden of what is most presentable before the Holy being. Beings in the past communities performed rituals involving sacrificing human lives. Societies have much concern with the security of every individual being within it. The practice of ritual offering depends on several motives. The prime rationale is the need to live better and God pleasing lives. Craving to have a better destiny dictates why people opt for and choose the medium thought to bring forth good advances. An additional ground for sacrificing human persons is the wish to uphold the cultural ways of worshiping. Lastly, there is the urge for privileges to the community. The set ritual instills fear in other persons undertaking duties initially carried out by rulers (Frazer). Administration of sacrificial items is essential, as it dictates the degree at which people are worth to their Gods. People give sacrifices in terms of human blood by simply taking away an individual’s life (Chapter XXVII). Traditionally, offerings in terms of human sacrifice appeared to be the best way, denoting people who are ready to surrender to the will of their creator. The king is giving out his life as a way of compromising with God to obtain good fortunes

Infection Control - Pandemic Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Infection Control - Pandemic Planning - Essay Example The 2009-H1N1or swine flu was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization in 2009 (CDC, 2010). This influenza A (H1N1) virus was the most major cause of human flu in 2009. As Patel, Panchal, Chavda, Modiya, Marvaniya, Modi, and Sen (2010) note, some strains of H1N1 are endemic in humans and they result in a small percent of all flu-like illness and a small percent of all seasonal flu. Other strains are endemic in pigs and birds. This paper will discuss effective pandemic planning for the management of an outbreak of H1N1 virus on a cruise ship with 1970 passengers and 734 crew on board. Infection Prevention and Control The UK’s National Infection Prevention and Control Framework describes extensive measures to combat the outbreak of future infectious diseases. This framework strongly recommends the active involvement of individuals, communities, healthcare authorities, national and local governments, and other care givers to address effective infection prevention a nd control so as to minimize the risk of infectious diseases that can endanger lives (NHS Professionals Infection Control Policy, 2010). There is a wide range of national policy guidelines such as The Health and Social Care Act (2008), Essential Steps to safe, clean care (2007), National Patient Safety Agency Revised Cleaning Manual (2009), and Winning Ways- Working together to reduce HCAI in England (2003) now available for the prevention of healthcare associated infection and communicable diseases (As cited in NHS South East Essex and NHS South West Essex, NHS,  Infection Prevention & Control Team, 2011). These national policy guidelines suggest that the effective prevention and control of healthcare associated infections (HCAI) should be practiced in everyday life and applied by everyone on a continuous basis. As per the National Infection Prevention and Control Manual of Health Protection Scotland (2012), it is particularly important for communities to have awareness of the po ssibilities concerning an outbreak of pandemic diseases. This awareness is very vital to prevent the situations leading to diseases like swine flu and to treat the disease conditions effectively (NDMA, 2009). The framework specifically indicates that thoughtful staff engagement is paramount in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. The prevention and control practices have to be initiated from the bottom line (local communities or regions) and spread to the national level. According to the NHS Infection Prevention and Control Policy (n. d.), Director of Infection Prevention and Control, Infection Prevention and Control Teams, general practitioners, nursing staff, domestic staff, all other staff groups, and all key healthcare institutions in the country are involved in the prevention of HCAI. Pandemic Planning Requirements The given case scenario is about the management of an outbreak of H1N1 virus on a cruise ship. A cruise ship is likely to carry passengers from differe nt territories, sometimes from different countries. In addition, people cannot always stay away from the affected people while they are in a ship. Hence, the likelihood of spreading the disease will be high. In this situation, high awareness of the H1N1 flu is necessary to prevent the spread of this disease effectively. Hence, the medical team in the ship must inform the passengers and crew about the potential causes that would lead to spread of this infectious virus. The

Information Technology for Business - Scenario analysis Essay

Information Technology for Business - Scenario analysis - Essay Example Podcasting has risen in terms of popularity and is still in the stages of infancy. This early stage in which the technology is currently places provides a lucrative opportunity for innovative firms to capitalize upon and develop devices as well as tools that may make it easier for consumers to use and allow companies to consider as a credible medium to enhance their businesses. One of the most important benefits of podcasting is that it allows information to be dissipated across in an effort to educate and influence audiences on a global scale. The possibility to download content allows users to be able to access the content whenever deemed necessary in addition to the advantage to be able to play any part of the content as required. Podcasting is an ideal avenue to generate revenue through sponsorship and advertising (Michael Woodland Geoghegan, Dan Klass, 2005). Companies recognize that marketing forms a vital tool of modern businesses and firms spend billions of dollars worth revenue just to promote the product within its customer base. Marketing experts such as Paul Campbell of Effective Podcasting acknowledges that Podcasting is being perceived by the industry as a new and encouraging opportunity for businesses and forecasts the podcast related market to grow by as much as 1000% over the coming 4 years. Podcasts are advantageous for businesses given the versatility and variety with which they can be developed as also the fact that podcasts can represent any kind of business or market segment with different and exclusive content. The latest technology in the development of Podcasts has helped companies advance from merely spamming their customers with unwanted advertisements and newsletters, thereby invoking the ire and lack of concern among customers for any such style of promotion. Podcasts provide a workaround from this ‘push promotion’ by enabling users to be able to listen to podcasts depending on their

Wedding Proposal Essay Example for Free

Wedding Proposal Essay Now that you’ve made the decision to get married you may feel overwhelmed with all of the planning, arranging and organizing that goes into achieving that perfect wedding you’ve always dreamed of. No need to panic, however. I will be with you every step of the way, acting as your advisor when needed, coordinator, confidant, organizer, travel planner, fashion advisor and anything else you might need to make your special day all that you have dreamed of. I will personally see to all of the details, making sure everything stays within budget and comes together as smoothly as possible, with the least amount of delays so that you are left free of stress and able to enjoy the celebration of the beginning of your new lives together. SCOPE: Planning and executing a wedding with all of its intricate parts is a very involved process. I understand this and, as your Project Manager, I will work diligently with you from the beginning until you are happily on your way to enjoy your honeymoon. Every detail, no matter how miniscule or grand, will be effectively and efficiently seen to and followed closely by my expert Quality Assurance and Quality Control practices. I will listen to your wishes and implement as many as feasible, leaving you less stress and more time to enjoy. Consider me your Subject Matter Expert; helping at every stage, from picking the perfect location, bridal gown and groom’s attire, ceremony, reception, music, food, and all of the little things that mean so much to your special day. COST: The average cost of a wedding is around $20,000. This price usually does not include consultant fees (Penn Foster). My goal is to work with you to stay well within your budget, providing you with the best possible wedding day, and possibly having extra left over from your budget to spend on your honeymoon. Approximate time scale leading up to the day of the wedding: * 12 months before: Locate and book the locations for the wedding and reception and order the wedding gown. * 6-9 months before: Choose and order flower arrangements, audition and book the band, choose the caterer and menu, order bridesmaids’ dresses, pick out the wedding party gifts and book the photographer. *4-6 months before: Finalize guest list and arrange guest hotel and other accommodations, order the wedding cake, choose and order invitations and thank you cards, order any other decorations. * 2-4 months before: Finalize the ceremony and vows. * 4-8 weeks before: Send out invitations, bridal shower, finalizing all plans (Little Wedding Guide). IMPLEMENTATION: You and your partner are essential to accomplishing your ideal wedding. Your input, ideas, feelings and cooperation along with my expertise, knowledge, and enthusiasm will help us achieve the greatest results. There are many horror stories describing wedding disasters that leave bride and groom fearful and full of dread, afraid these disasters will permeate their wedding day as well. Rest assured that I am constantly assessing all risks, monitoring each and every situation, and running interference while we ramp up to your event. Together we will plan and execute every aspect, making sure all deadlines are met so that your wedding will go according to schedule and within your budget, giving you peace of mind and a wonderful beginning to your new lives. References Little Wedding Guide. Retrieved March 25, 2010, from http://www. littleweddingguide. com/planning/ Penn Foster Career School. Retrieved March 25, 2010, from http://www. pennfoster. edu/bridalconsultant/index. html Project Management Basics Glossary. Retrieved March 25, 2010, from http://www. allpm. com/

Macbeth and R+J Essay Example for Free

Macbeth and R+J Essay Shakespeare communicates many moods in Macbeth and Romeo Juliet; the main moods are love, and hate fuelled betrayal, and in my work these are the themes I will analyse. In Romeo Juliet and Macbeth, vital characters have had to betray in order to achieve love, for example; In Romeo and Juliet; Juliet has to betray the authority of her father in order to fulfil her affection for Romeo. In terms of love this would mean that: The Storge (unconditional love, shared amongst family) that Juliet once felt for her father was met by misogyny (Hatred for Women) upon his realisation of Juliet’s Eros (love between two people) towards Romeo. Despite her subdued character, Juliet is adamant on not marrying Paris and betraying her family for Romeo. A quote to support this is; If all else fail, myself have power to die This signifies that Juliet would rather die than enter something that it not right. A quote from Juliet’s Father; â€Å"How now, how now, chop-logic! What is this? † – His use of repetition emphasises his fury in response to Juliet’s new found aggression in character, and his rhetorical question presents his dominance and highlights the hierarchy that was in place at the time to allocate superiority to male’s in a family, in this scene; the breakdown of Juliet’s Father and Mother’s relationship is most apparent. Furthermore this is a point where Juliet is most isolated from her family and becomes closer to Romeo. My alternate interpretation is that Juliet did not betray her family, but her family were betrayed by there own pride, Pride was the cataclysmic barrier between acceptance and condemnation. The most potent character development is Juliet’s, throughout the play she matures and becomes a lot more retaliant to authority and starts to become herself rather than obedient to thers, this process is strengthened because of the speed she has had to become responsible; due to the mandatory pressures she is expected to comply with and the swift 7 day time period in which the story is conveyed, this development in character gives her the willpower to betray her family; which also ultimately supports my point. The dramatic techniques used in Romeo and Juliet create a hastily strong impact due to the play being condensed into a week and an ambience of anxiety. In Macbeth there are several similarities that also support my point; Macbeth has to betray King Duncan despite his loyalty and Philia (The love of Friendship) has to betray him in order to acquire the Eros from the ever superior Lady Macbeth, this situation contradicts all convention as society was heavily patriarchal which suggests that women should be submissive to men; however in this occurrence Macbeth conforms with Lady Macbeths demands to murder King Duncan, this is the main contrast between Macbeth and Romeo Juliet. A quote that coincides with this is; â€Å"But screw your courage to the sticking-place, and well not fail† – Lady Macbeth challenges Macbeth to murder King Duncan, presenting her dominance and ambition over Macbeth. A quote from Macbeth after when placing the blame on the guards for King Duncan’s murder; Here lay Duncan, his silver skin laced with his golden blood†¦ the murderers, steeped in the colors of their trade – This illustrates the betrayal that Macbeth has committed, as his use of alliteration strengthens the deviation of this line and the fact that he is further betraying King Duncan post his death by laying the culpability on the guards; simultaneously justifying there execution. Additionally an alternative interpretation of betrayal is explained using this quote; â€Å"Who can be wise, amazed, temprate, and furious† – Macbeths use of antithesis (underlined) displays how he has slowly become contradictory since his brutal murder of King Duncan which I believe indicates he has betrayed his own nature. The main dramatic technique used in Macbeth is dramatic irony, dramatic irony is where something that is indicated at the start of the play will either become true or change at the end of the play or furthermore could mean the opposite of hat might happen. An example of this is that; â€Å"This castle hath a pleasant seat; the air nimbly and sweetly recommends itself unto our gentle senses. † – This is a significant use of dramatic irony, the description of the environment is pleasant; however unbeknown to King Duncan, this is where he will be murdered, and this also links in to betrayal. Moreover, at the start of the play, Macbeth describes Banquo to be a â€Å"Friend† however later in the play we know that Banquo becomes his enemy and has to be killed due to the fact he is a great threat to Macbeth’s throne; which is a further deception that Macbeth has carried out. Conclusively; I believe Shakespeare’s whole use of dramatic irony links in to betrayal directly, because the constant use of dramatic irony means that the plot keeps changing; effectively displaying that the plot betrays itself continually. This constantly conveys a mood of false anticipation and an eerie sense of the unknown. Reading more in depth into both plays, there are further comparisons; Such as the use of fate, when Romeo and Juliet fall in love we know that because of their backgrounds; it will lead to death, and similarly in Macbeth the witches tell a prophecy in which Macbeth becomes king and then dies both plays contain different forms of tragedy however both plays meet the same end. Evidence to support this in Romeo and Juliet is: â€Å"A pair of star-crossd lovers take their life† – Meaning that two different sided (Montague/Capulet) lovers take their life. And for Macbeth: â€Å"All hail, Macbeth, thou shalt be king hereafter! † – This is the prophecy of Macbeth becoming king and then dying. Furthermore, in Romeo ; Juliet and Macbeth, death is a necessary price to be paid for peace, for example, Romeo and Juliet have to die in order for the Capulet’s and Montague’s to live in tranquillity, to support this, a quote from the beginning soliloquy: â€Å"What here shall miss, our toil shall strive to mend† – This means that where we have failed before we will strive to succeed now, signifying that Romeo and Juliet’s death were essential to the ‘Fair Verona’ achieving peace, likewise in Macbeth, Lady Macbeth and Macbeth’s death was also fundamental to harmony being restored to the ingdom, an additional quote to support this is: â€Å"The usurpers cursed head: the time is free† – the quote is about Macbeth’s severed head, and diverts attention to the fact that with his death ‘the time is free’ which implies it is peaceful. However contrary there are many differences, for example the types of love/relationship between the two couples in each play; In Macbeth there relationship is very unstable and Lady Macbeth is very domineering over Macbeth; also there love for each other is not through passion; but through the lust for greed and power as Lady Macbeth is desperate for Macbeth to become king by killing King Duncan and betraying his loyalty to him: â€Å"And take my milk for gall, you murd’ring ministers† – This suggests she will do anything to become Queen and accentuates her ruthless nature; it also underlines the imbalanced relationship in which the position of superiority continuously changes dramatically. At the start Macbeth is a brave and noble hero and he is superior however as the play goes on and when Macbeth’s manhood is questioned by Lady Macbeth â€Å"are you not a man? † he then becomes submissive and is dictated by Lady Macbeth. In Romeo and Juliet

Impact of Just in Time in Manufacturing

Impact of Just in Time in Manufacturing CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Introduction to the Problem Statement of the Problem: It had been proved from time and again the positive impact of Just in Time in manufacturing. No models or methodologies have been developed to relate how predictive maintenance can have a significant effect on the performance of JIT in manufacturing and its supply chains. In early 1950s Toyota devised their manufacturing system called Toyota production system which streamlines the entire process of manufacturing in an organized way through continuous information sharing between supplier and customer to achieve just- in- time production. Just-in-time is one of the major pillars of Toyota production system. Implementation of lean principles gave way for various strategic advantages in manufacturing. (Lathin, 2001) stated that using lean principles, a traditional mass producer could expect a reduction of 90% in inventory, cost in quality, lead time and 50% increase in labor productivity. (Nystuen, 2002) stated that one could see a reduction of 90% in travel time, 82% in inventory and 11% in product lead time. After the success of Toyota production system,  Ã‚   although this production system revolutionized the entire process of manufacturing in Japan, it did not reflect the west. This is due to many reasons such as traditionally minded management (Gup ta and Jain, 2013), lack of machine capability, high inventory, fluctuating markets (Golhar, Stamm, and Smith, 1990), high product variety (Cusumano, 1994) and lack of communication between processes. One of the biggest key suspects understands machine capability. This can be achieved by filling the gap between machine capability information and production planning. To achieve this system, there are 2 key elements; Real- time machine data and data processing. P.ODonovan, K. Leahy, K. Bruton and D.T.J. OSullivan (2015) presented a concept called smart manufacturing where manufacturing data can be used create positive impact on the manufacturing operations The first industrial revolution began in early 1800s through mechanical production using steam and water. Since then, there has been two other industrial revolutions through assembly line production for mass production, increase quality, reduce cost and manufacturing time; and using technology and IT systems. Currently the manufacturing industry is in the midst of data driven revolution transforming traditional manufacturing facilities into smart manufacturing facilities (Peter ODonovan, Kevin Leahy, Ken Bruton and Dominic T. J. OSullivan, 2015). Many industry Pundits today believe; we are currently undergoing fourth industrial revolution through internet technology in manufacturing. Machine reliability has always played an important role for manufacturing. Over time machines have become smarter and are capable of collecting their performance as feedback. It has always been a challenge to fix the machines during downtime and machines technicians are also required to keep themselves updated on latest technologies. (Jay Lee, Hung-An Kao, Shanhu Yang, 2014) suggested that machines could be connected together in a cyber-workspace where, machine data could be collected and later analyzed using predictive tools for machine predictability. Connecting the machines through cyberspace enables managers to monitor every machines performance remotely without visiting every machine during the day. Significance of the Research Research Questions and Objectives Implementation of predictive maintenance has been a buzzword for some time in Internet of Things (IoT) neighborhood. In the recent years, many companies have been implementing predictive maintenance activities it to their advantage in order to achieve machine failure free environment. There has been a lot of case studies published in the recent times on implementation of predictive maintenance activities with results closer to machine failure free operation. Most of research in predictive maintenance in recent times have focused on different methodologies and algorithms implemented in data mining, classification and prediction in order to achieve failure free operation. In the course of literature review it was found that, there has been a lack of research in studying the effect of implementation of predictive maintenance activities throughout manufacturing supply chains. This research study is conducted to answer some of the questions in an industry environment such as (1) What was effect in product flow by implementing predictive maintenance activities? (2) How were the supply chains impacted by the implementation of predictive maintenance activity (3) Was there any effect on the performance of Just-in-time manufacturing? (4) If so, what factors were affected and by how much? (5) Can a model estimate the effect on the performance of Just-in-time in manufacturing before the implementation of predictive maintenance activity? This research study is conducted to answer these questions by collecting and mining data from current manufacturing setup and its supply chains, applying new methods to analyze it and use traditional regression models to predict the performance change in Just-in-time in manufacturing.   The objectives in this research includes The development of a methodology for measuring performance variance in Just-in-time for an industry environment and throughout its supply chains by implementing Predictive maintenance activity. The identification of Just-in-time performance measurement factors that would have significant effect in predicting the performance before implementation of predictive maintenance activity The creation, verification and validation of a model that could estimate the performance variance in Just-in-time for future implementations throughout the supply chain CHAPTER II Literature review Overview JIT in Manufacturing Machine Maintenance All actions appropriate for retaining an item/part/equipment in, or restoring it to, a given condition is known as maintenance (Dhillion, 2002). Each year US manufacturing industry spends about $300 billion on plan maintenance and operations. It is also estimated that approximately 80% of the industry budget goes towards correcting chronic failures of machines, systems and peoples (Latino, 1999). There are 2 types of machine maintenance and are classified as follows. Planned maintenance is generally classified as preventive (PM) and corrective maintenance, while breakdown maintenance is considered as unplanned. Preventive maintenance can be further subdivided into fixed maintenance and predictive maintenance. (Mansor, Ohsato, Sulaiman, 2012). Unplanned Downtime The unscheduled maintenance or repair to return items/equipment to a defined state and carried out because maintenance persons or users perceived deficiencies or failures is known as corrective maintenance (Dhillion, 2002). Planned Downtime There are many definitions to preventive maintenance. All actions carried out on a planned, periodic, and specific schedule to keep an item/equipment in stated working condition through the process of checking and reconditioning is known as preventive maintenance (Dhillion, 2002). In the recent years, PM has been one of the most sought techniques in industries across different areas. One of the main objectives of PM is to keep the machine in running condition through standard inspection methods and correction methods at early deficiency stages. Performing PM activities has some of the advantages such as increasing equipment availability, reduction of overtime, reduction in inventory, improve safety, improve quality, reduces time and cost (Levitt, 1997). Some of the disadvantages of PM are it increases initial cost, damaging equipment, reduces life of parts and using more number of newer parts (Patton, 1983). Fixed maintenance Predictive maintenance Similar to preventive maintenance, predictive maintenance have several definitions. To some workers, predictive maintenance is monitoring the vibration of rotating machinery in an attempt to detect incipient problems and to prevent catastrophic failure or it is monitoring the infrared image of electrical switchgear, motors or other electrical equipment to detect developing problem (Mobley, 2002). According to Dhillion (2002), predictive maintenance is a method of using modern measurement and signal processing methods to accurately diagnose item/ equipment condition during operation. It would not be wrong to say, Predictive maintenance is a complement of preventive maintenance which uses various testing and measuring methods to monitor the equipment status and predict the machine failures. According to Mobley (2002), there are five nondestructive techniques used for predictive maintenance management: vibration monitoring, process parameter monitoring, thermography, tribology, and visual inspection. Predictive maintenance not just limited to manufacturing sectors used various other industry such as water and wastewater utility solutions (Severn Trent Services), Transportation railway (Finnish railway VR Group), Power grids (Israel Electric corporation), Oil and gas industry, wind power (Roland Berger Strategy Consultants, 2014), Airline industry (IBM, 2014), Biotech industry (Cypress Envirosystems, 2008) and many more. Some of the case studies related to manufacturing would be discussed in later part of this report. Case Studies KALYPSO: Predictive analytics and Improved Product design with machine learning Daimler: Automotive manufacturer increases productivity for cylinder-head production by 25 percent IBM Asset Analytics for Manufacturing Equipment in Automotive Israel Electric Corporation moves towards smarter maintenance Fluke Corporation: White Paper: Thermography Roland Berger: Oil and gas Reducing breakdowns and increasing production of highly critical assets Roland Berger: Wind Power Reducing maintenance costs and improving uptime in a challenging operational environment ABB Group: Predictive Maintenance for Heavy Industry Data collection, Data mining and Predictive maintenance methodologies Data Collection Sensor data Historical data Data mining Techniques Signal Processing and Feature Extraction Principle Component Analysis (PCA) based fault detection Predictive Maintenance methodologies Health Assessment Self-organizing map (SOM) Performance Prediction Health Diagnosis Self-organizing map (SOM) References Latino, C.J., Hidden Treasure: Eliminating Chronic Failures Can Cut Maintenance Costs up to 60%, Report, Reliability Center, Hopewell, Virginia, 1999 M.A. Mansor, A. Ohsato and S. Sulaiman, KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT FOR MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES IN THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR, International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, SSN: 2229-8649 (Print); ISSN: 2180-1606 (Online); Volume 5, pp. 612-621, January-June 2012 Levitt, J., Managing preventive maintenance, Maintenance technology, February 1997, 20-30. Mobley, R Keith, An Introduction to predictive maintenance, 2002, 2nd ed, ISBN 0-7506-7531-4

The Adventure of Tom Sawyer :: Essays Papers

The Adventure of Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is Mark Twain’s way of writing down his childhood in lively detail. The characters and settings were dear to him and he chose to depict the American Boy’s childhood as fun and fancy-free. The story is told trough Tom’s eyes and is enchanting and adventurous, just as any young boy’s life would be. His daily life included mischief and budding young love, which is told with great detail. Although it is a fictional account of one young boy, the story of Tom Sawyer has touched many readers and lives on today as it did when it was written long ago. Tome Sawyer does not have many relatives, his mother died and him and his half brother Sidney live with their Aunt Polly and cousin Mary. The setting was in the small, poor southern town of St.Pettersburg, Missouri right by the Mississippi River. Tom has a love for live and would rather be doing what he pleases rather than what is expected of him. In all of his mischievous moments his best friend and partner in crime is Huckleberry Finn. Although their goal is just to have fun, they somehow always end up in trouble. The trouble starts when Tom and Huck witness the murder of Dr. Robinson by Injun Joe. Muff Potter is framed and even though Tom and Huck know the truth they do not step forward because they are afraid of what Injun Joe will do to them. Although Muff Potter is tried and almost hung, Tom finally steps forward and does the right thing. Tom and Huck go on throughout the book and find themselves in deep water more than once. All of the characters in this novel are carefully depicted. They are alive in the story, the reader can feel all of Tom’s emotions. Tom is the main character of the novel and tells the story to the reader. Although he may seem like a boy that is always in trouble, he’s intentions are good. He has the common case of can’t sit still goot get up and go boy. This condition sometimes poses a problem as we see Tom weasels his way out of work and into play. Tom and Huck never plan on getting into trouble it has a way of finding them. Tom is driven by his youthful energy and mischief. Mark Twain wrote this novel using language common for the time period and location.

Antibiotic Resistance Essay -- Medicine Science Papers

"Antibiotic Resistance" I. Abstract When penicillin was first administered in 1943, it proved to be extraordinary at wiping out nasty cases of syphilis, tuberculosis, gonorrhea, and meningitis infection. With the threat of these deadly infections in ‘check,’ pharmaceutical industries then cut back on their research to discover even more effective antibiotics. This new-found medical confidence inspired patients to merrily run to the clinic to get penicillin prescriptions for everything from nausea and diarrhea to running nose and sneezing, and doctors to happily prescribe the ‘miracle drug.’ However, microorganisms are now evolving and developing unprecedented resistance to penicillin and other once potent drugs, like vancomyocin. Currently, vancomyocin is the most potent drug on the market, and  ¼ of all enterococci are resistant to it ("A New Gap†¦," 1997). In the April 28, 1994 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine, researchers identified a bacteria that was resistant to all antibiotics (Lewis, 1997). The number of resistant strains of bacteria are rapidly growing, and a panic is beginning to spread in the medical field, as it has been caught ‘off-guard’ by the most recent developments. It takes decades to develop new antibiotics, and the pharmaceutical industries have spent the last few decades focusing on other concerns. Even though our arsenal of antibiotics is diminishing, it is clear that there will be no new ‘miracle drugs’ for quite some time. Since we will soon run out of effective antibiotics, we must do what we can to preserve the potency of our current resources. This paper will provide a background on how antibiotics work and also on the mechanism by which bacteria acquire resistance. Also part ... ...bson, David. (1997b). How does resistance occur? [Online] Available: http://www3.hmc.edu/~dgibson/antibiotics/resistance.html. King, John W. M.D. (1997). Antibiotic Resistance. [Online] Available: http://www.ccm.Isumc.edu/bugbytes/bb-v2n13.htm. Lewis, Ricki PhD. (1997). The Rise of Antibiotic-Resistant Infections. [Online] Available: http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/795_antibio.html. Nemecek, Sasha. (1997, Feb). Beating Bacteria. Scientific American, 38-39. (1997, June). A New Gap In The Antibiotic Arsenal. Science News, 151, 348. (1996, May). Reducing Antibiotic Resistance. Nature, 381, 120-121. Smaglik, Paul. (1997, May 17). Proliferation of Pills. Science News, 151, 310-311. Thompson, Clare. (1997, June 8). False Economies Breed Superbugs. New Scientist, 6. Travis, John. (1996, June 1). Biological Warfare. Science News, 149, 350-351.

Service Above Self

Ever since I was a child, my teachers, friends, parents, and family have always complemented me for my kindheartedness, determination, and of course my leadership. I have never been one to judge others, I always work hard in everything I do, and love being able to be in charge. My morals were built by people that surround me, specifically family. My mom has always taught me that everyone is the same and not one person is better than the next. This is something that has followed me throughout my life and is still one of my main priorities. I take great pride in being pen-minded and kindhearted, because I believe that most of the problems we have today is because of certain groups of people feeling more superior than another, and people's lack to do good for others with no benefit for themselves. Another problem that is here is people are not determined to fix the problems that our nation has and instead work around them. I am not one to walk around or run away from a problem, but I am determined to work hard and to not only get rid of the problem but take initiative to make sure it does not happen again. I believe that if everyone lived with this, the world ould become a better place by the minute. Unfortunately, the opposite is occurring at the moment and new problems emerge as time goes by. I am very proud of being a leader rather than a follower for many reasons. One, it gives me the opportunity to express my views, beliefs, morals, and concerns. Two, I continually try to make a difference in society for a greater good, and lastly, it gives me individuality in a good society. This good society is a major factor in many of today's problems. People tend to do what other people do, even if it is against their personal views. This leads to many problems because leaders with the wrong ntentions can easily be followed by those who are afraid of being their own person and leadership. I am proud to be a kindhearted, determined leader and have demonstrated it in more ways than one. During my years in high school, I have led my football team to greater heights by making the play offs for the first time in many years, they also helped me to be the first male All-State player in schools history. I also helped lead my schools basketball team win the school’s first state championship in any sport. I have shown my leadership around the school and was given the honor to be Mr. EMCA; this ward is based on a student’s excellent Christian testimony, attitude, extracurricular involvement, and overall best represents the school and what we believe in. The award is given to one male in the senior class chosen by the faculty, staff, and administration. I love that I have been said to be a great person and that many people look up to me. I work a lot at my church also by ushering and helping keep the church clean on work days. In The Bible there have been many instances of people using service above self like in Mark 1:29-39 Jesus used service ab ove self â€Å"From church, they went straight home to Simon and Andrew’s house long with James and John. They told him that Simon’s mother-in-law was in bed with a fever. But when he came in, he took her by the hand and she got up, the fever gone, and began to serve them. That evening, as the sun set, people started bringing their sick and deranged to the door – the whole city turned out – and he cured many with various illnesses and cast out many demons, but without allowing them to speak – they knew him. The next morning at O-dark thirty, Jesus got up and went out to be alone in prayer. But Simon and the others tracked him down and told him, â€Å"Everyone’s out looking for you. He said, â€Å"Let’s head out to the next few towns and get the word out there. That’s my mission. † So off they went, all over Galilee, speaking in churches and expelling demons. † Also Gal 5:13 â€Å"For, brethren, ye have been call ed unto liberty; only use not liberty for an occasion to the flesh, but by love serve one another. † God is telling us to serve others not just oneself. Also in Gal 5:14 â€Å"For all the law is fulfilled in one word, even in this; Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. † God tells us to love our neighbors. Or in Gal 5:14 â€Å"For all the law is fulfilled in one word, even in this; Thou shalt ove thy neighbour as thyself. † or Gal 5:22 â€Å"But the fruit of the Spirit is LOVE, joy, peace, LONGSUFFERING, GENTLENESS, GOODNESS, faith. † There are many other verses in the bible like Mark 10:43-45 â€Å"But so shall it not be among you: but whosoever will be great among you, shall be your minister: And whosoever of you will be the chiefest, shall be servant of all. For even the Son of man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give his life a ransom for many. †and 1 Cor 13:4-7 â€Å"Charity suffereth long, and is kind; charity envi eth not; charity vaunteth not itself, is not puffed up, Doth not behave itself unseemly, eeketh not her own, is not easily provoked, thinketh no evil; Rejoiceth not in iniquity, but rejoiceth in the truth; Beareth all things, believeth all things, hopeth all things, endureth all things. † and 1 Thes 1:3 â€Å"Remembering without ceasing your work of faith, and labour of love, and patience of hope in our Lord Jesus Christ, in the sight of God and our Father. † In all of these verses, it shows that service above self is a very important thing to know and do. I really do hope that more people start to use service above self in this world.

Diego Armando Maradona

Sports play an important role in people’s life. This is attributed to the fact that both the players and audience or spectators are fulfilled with the experiences of sport. Sport is activity that is controlled by sets of customs or rules that are usually engaged in competitively. Sports are not only used for social benefit or amusement but also a way that people earn incomes. Famous players such as Tiger Woods – Golf and the William’s sister in tennis illustrates the influence that sports have in appreciating and been a form of income to the sportsmen.Thus, different people contribute differently to the sport world and one of them is Diego Armando Maradona who was a soccer player and currently a manager. Thus, the aim of this paper is to analyze the contribution of Maradona in the soccer world and extrapolates it to the sport world (Maradona et al, 2005). Maradona’s early life and family capability did not illustrate the influence that he had on soccer and fraternity of sports. He was born on October 30, 1961, Buenos Aires in Argentina.Maradona’s family was poor since the breadwinner – the father was a factory worker and bricklayer and through this job was providing for a family of nine (five girls, three boys and the wife). He (Maradona) used to dream of becoming a soccer player and the family situation did not deter his dreams. In fact, his cousin shaped his dream when he was given a soccer ball for his third birthday. At the age of nine, he was a good player in which he was recognized by Little Onions coach.Little Onions was the youth team of Argentinos Juniors (Maradona Website, 2009). When he was playing for the Little Onions, he lead the team to win a straight 140 games and played a major role for Little Onions in winning the Junior Championship in 1972, whereby he was awarded by the team a number 10 jersey. Between 1976 and 1980, Maradona played for Argentinos Juniors and he became a major boost for the team thro ugh winning games and increasing the spectators. In 1978 World Cup, he missed slight the chance to play for his country.Nevertheless, in 1981 he transferred to Boca Juniors and contributed in the team winning the 1982 first league game and earning himself a winners’ medal (Maradona et al, 2005). Maradona contributed a lot in the success of the Argentina national football team – Albicelestes through the participation of four consecutive FIFA World Cup tournaments. His first internal game for Argentina was against Hungary when he was 16 years old. He played an important role in the 1979 World Youth Championship and which Argentina worn 3-1 against Soviet Union.In the same period, he was involved in the winner against Scotland, his first game as a senior. In 1982 World Cup, Maradona played five matches without being substituted and scored two goals against Hungary but was sent off for foul play against Brazilian player; the game that they also lost. In the 1986 World Cup, Maradona was the captain and contributed a lot into the winning of the 1986 FIFA World Cup. They won against West Germany in the finals. He played all the games in the 1986 World Cup, being dynamic and asserted his dominance throughout the tournament.In the same tournament, he scored five goals and assisted in five goals, two of the goals originating from the quarterfinal win against England. This game was played when there was tension between Argentina and England because of the Falklands War. The first goal was a controversial because it is believed and replays show that his hand played a major role. In fact, it is commonly referred to as the â€Å"Hand of God†, which was accepted by the referee to the wrath of the English players (Burns, 1997). The second goal was outstanding was voted the FIFA greatest goal of World Cup.He ran half through the field, drilling through five players and the goalkeeper with eleven touches scored the winning goal. In 2002, a poll that was con ducted by FIFA concluded that this goal was the â€Å"Goal of the Century†. Nevertheless, he led his country to winning the 1986 World Cup through passing the ball to Jorge Burruchaga. Thus, Argentina won 3-2 against West Germany in Azteca Stadium in front of 115,000 spectators. The authorities of Azteca Stadium built statue that showed scoring the â€Å"goal of the century† and the statue was placed at the stadium’s entrance.Moreover, he participated in the 1990 FIFA World Cup but due to injury, his performance was not excellent as that of 1986. Nevertheless, he captained the team to reach the finals where they were defeated by West Germany through a controversial goal. In the last World Cup of 1994 that he participated, he only played two goals (Maradona et al, 2005). He was sent home when he failed a drug test – ephedrine dope. He claimed that a drink that he had taken had the said chemical and it was not his fault.At the USA 94, where the world cup wa s played, Argentina was eliminated in the second round. Apart from the World Cups, Maradona has played for various clubs. Maradona played for Argentinos Juniors and later Boca Juniors. In 1982, he was transferred to FC Barcelona in Spain whereby he contributed a lot to the success of the team winning the Copa del Rey and the Spanish Super Cup. In 1984, he was transferred to Napoli in Italy in which he helped to win the Italian championship in 1986/87 and 1989/90 and the team was second in 1987/88 and 1988/89.Other awards that the team was able to win with the help of Maradona were the UEFA Cup (1989), Coppa Italia (1987), runners up Coppa Italia (1989) and Italian Supercup (1990). At this period he faced various personal complications and other complications with the club. He was transferred in 1992 to Sevilla. Other teams that he played with are Newell’s Old Boys (1993) and Boca Juniors (1995) (Burns, 1997). Body structure and physique played a major role in ensuring that Ma radona was successful in the field.His lower center of gravity, physical strengths and strong legs helped him to overcome his opponents and sprint towards the goal. Through the success of the teams he played for, it illustrates that Maradona was a strategist, team player and technical player. Wherever he played, he used to dribble full speed towards the opponents’ goal and either score or deliver accurate passes to the teammates. Nevertheless, these capabilities were compounded by his capability of taking free kicks. Apart from the field, Maradona has contributed a lot in television shows and helping people.He hosted the Argentina television show â€Å"The Night of the no. 10† in which some of his guests included Pele, Fidel Castro, Zidane and Mike Tyson. Nevertheless, apart from the television show, he took part in 2006 in the UK’s Soccer Aid and in the same year, he captained three-day World Cup Football tournament in Spain. Also in 2006, he was appointed the Intergovernmental Goodwill Ambassador (IIMSAM) (Maradona Website, 2009). He contributed a lot has a leader for various teams. In 1994 and 1995, he coached Mandiyu and Racing Club respectively with minimal success (Burns, 1997).However, in 2005, he became the sports vice president in charge of Boca Juniors. At the time, Boca Juniors were not functioning well and had poor results. However, when Maradona was involved with the management of the team and built a close relationship with the players, the team fostered. Under his guidance, the team won 2006 Clausera, 2005 Apertura, 2005 Recopa Sudamericana and 2005 Copa Sudamericana. Nevertheless, in 2008 he became the coach of Argentina national football team. His team won the three consecutive matches but was defeated by Bolivia 6-1 on 1 April 2009 (Maradona Website, 2009).Moreover, Maradona was acknowledged, received various prices and awards. Some of the awards that he received include Argentina league top scorer (1979 to 1981), Golden Ball for Best Player (1979), Best Footballer in the World (1986, 1987), World Player of the Year (1986), FIFA Goal of the Century (2002) and Argentine Senate (2005) to name accolades and honors that he received (Maradona Website, 2009). Thus, from this perspective it is clear that Maradona has contributed a lot to the sport world through his participation in soccer.He was able to play for various teams and ensuring that in each team that he played for usually succeeded. This can be illustrated by the fact that in each team that he played for, the teams usually won awards and honors. He played for Argentinos Juniors and Boca Juniors in which they worn various award a replication of other teams that he played. In fact, in the case of Napoli, the period that Maradona played became the greatest successful period of the club. His position in the society and many people aiming to imitate him illustrates that like the legend Pele, Maradona is associated with soccer.

Early Learning and Childcare

Early learning and childcare 63 Trafford rd rushden northans nn10 Abigail wignall sh40856/NCC assignment 1 pg1 Task1. 1 From birth to adulthood children continually grow develop and learn,if children do not develop propely they may be unable to reach their full potential. All young people follow a similar pattern of develpoment,however each child is diffrent and may develop at a diffrent rate. There are three areas of development, physical, intellectual,social and emotional. heres is a guide of how they develop for the following age ranges â€Å"taken from study book early learning and childcare†. -3yrs physical development by6months a child will:  ·turn their head towars sounds and movement  ·watch an adults face while feeding  ·smile at familar faces and voices  ·reach up to hold their feet when lying on their backs  ·hold and shake a rattle  ·put everythings in their mouths between 6months and 1year  ·move from sitting with support to sitting alone  ·roll ov er from their tummy to their back  ·begin to creep, crawl or shuffle on their bottom  ·push on or push against adult hands or furniture to reach a standing position  ·raise arms to be lifted  ·turn and look up when they hear their name pat and poke objects when playing  ·pass objects from hand to hand  ·look for things thathave been hidden or dropped  ·reaches hand toward source of food Between one and two years  ·begin to walk  ·sits alone indefinitely  ·feed themselves  ·push and pull toys while walking  ·wave goodbye  ·point or make noises to indiacte wants  ·enjoy a picture book  ·shake head for no  ·uses thumb and first two fingers to grip  ·crawl upstairs  ·stoops to pick things up from floor  ·begins to show prefrence for onr hand  ·builds tower of few bricks  ·holds crayon in palm and makes marks on paper Between two and three  ·Kneels to play  ·throws kicks ball  ·builds larger bruck tower  ·pour liquids  ·uses pencil to m ake marks and circular scribbles Newborn to three months the social and emotional development should be the child very depdant on adults maily mother for comfort,cuddles and reassurance and the child will quieten while the adults do so. Between six to nine months the child enjoys the company of others and begin to like games such as peek a boo and show affection to known people but shywith strangers at one to two years their social development should extend to play alongside other children also like to please adults and perform to an audience.They may become upset and distressed if seperated from known adults, a object can be used for comfort. By two to three years they should be developing a sense of own identidy and want to do things themselves and demand adult attention and can become reluctant to share be prone to tantrums outburts but also enjoy playing with adults or older children who give attention, and play with others same age for short periods of time. intelectual develop ment between 0-3years should be begining to realise others are seperate beings from ourselves and become more confident but do still require adult reassurance.At 0-3 months language development should be making happy sounds 6-12 months they should be making babbling sounds and begin show feelings by squealing with pleasure, crying or laughing to show enjoyment. one to two years they should be joining words to make sentances and by two be using 50-150 words and start understand conversation and understand keywords. by 2-3 years should be able to put words together to make sentances scribble on paper use several hundread words by three be joining in songs and be asking questionns like how? why?. Physical development at age 3-7years yrs  ·jump with feet together  ·walk on tip toes  ·go up and down the stairs  ·catch and thow a ball  ·climb  ·paint  ·thread beads on to laces  ·gain controll over eating tools 4years  ·throw with aim  ·use sccissors  ·hold pencil be able draw houses/people 5years  ·hop  ·skip  ·ride bike  ·jump from height  ·climb confidently  ·write  ·thread needles  ·do laces and buttons (Information found children and young peoples workforce-early learning and childcare 2012) By 3-4years their intellectual development should be as follows, able sort objects into gropus eg colour or size.Understand simple tasks given for example fetch a story book and bring it to mummy. socialy and emotionaly they should have become more independant and self motivated feeling more secure and able cope with unfamilar faces and surroundings for small periods of time. By 4-5years grammar becomes more accurate and their questions become more complex communicating better, able understand books as a source of fun and begin to recoginze wn name and written words theve seen on few occasions, be able form some lettering and begin copying shapes.At age 5-7years they should be handling books well and understand text has meaning, be able make up stories and regonize an increasing number of letters linking them to sound. development at age 7-12 years should be thye child being able to run,hop skip,climb,swing confidently, and start enjoying team games and may misjudge their own abilty before age nine. Social and emotional development at this age range should becoming less dependant on adults nad enjoy being in a group of people at the same age wanting to fit in with the peer rules. They should have an understanding that certain behavoiurs are un acceptable.Begin form close relationships at age eight also becoming more aware of own gender can be bossy or arogant but enjoy playing with others same sex but need adult reassurance and help when comes to arguments in play. Intelecutaly at this age the child should be able to read,write and take an intrest in certain subjects he enjoys by around 9, also be knowing diffrence tenses and grammar,read out loud but may need help tackling complexities of spelling, their vocabular y will grow if adults introduce and encourage new words and ways of using lanuage.At the age 12-19years is said to be the period from childhood to adulthood could start at age 11 and last untill 19-20years. Adolesecnce is a transition period where young people grdually detach themselves from their parents, and form a close group of friends. many physical changes occur at this stage in life, changing their apperance and bodies, coordination and strength increase greatly although every persons rate can be diffrent.Adolesence for boys usually begins later than girls, boys begin to develop sex characteristics like deep voices body hair and muscle growth,testicals and scrotom growth begins in mid puberty penis growth beings a little later but continues growing for a longer period of time. Girls begin breast budding at around age ten, her pubic hair will begin to grow and darken and curl also body begins to to become more round developing curves of womanhood, By 13 some girls can almost b e physicaly mature, also this is average age to bein their menstral cycle this can depend on the age of pubertal onset.By age 15 a girl is most likely to e at her adult height and may have a woman figure but her hips and breasts may become fuller. Lanuage development in teenagers may become imtating but that is there way of testing out there new found language and skills like sarcasam, their logical thinking ability is also growing and maturing they may ut them into pratice by debate either fomaly or infomaly.

Communication and Professional Relationships with Children, Young People and Adults

Effective communication is important in developing positive relationships with children, young people and adultsEffective communication creates positive relationships. You have to model excellent communication skills with the children and adults you work with on a daily basis. You should always think about how you approach people and how you respond back, doing so in a positive manner will help you achieve more information and communication in the long run because you are beginning to build a positive relationship with that child/person and this benefits them.We must always think about how we communicate and always make sure it is for the good of the pupil and the school. Always set a good example by behaving the way you would expect your pupil to. If you do not communicate effectively it can break down and that’s where misunderstandings occur and this can lead to negative feeling.When you use effective communication this creates a strong and positive relationship and your pup ils will benefit fully from that given situation.Explain the principles of relationship building with children, young people and adultsThe main principle of relationship building is to make others feel comfortable and at ease, if they are, they are more likely to communicate effectively. It is very important to be respectful and courteous and to listen to what they have to say. Always respect the views of others, especially if they have different cultural beliefs or values.Take the time to listen to others, this is not always easy when you are so busy but it is extremely important to build a positive relationship, always show that you are interested in what they have to say, they may need to confide in you.Have a good sense of humour, when appropriate this lightens peoples perception of you and can help people who are feeling stressed, laughter is a good way of relaxing.Always be clear on the reason you are communicating, giving people mixed messages does not create a good working r elationship, a good way of making sure people have received clear information is by asking them to repeat what is expected of them.Being considerate is a must as you may be working with a child or adult who is under strain due to work or home matters. If you are being considerate in that situation this will help you understand if they respond out of character and you may be able to help.Explain how different social, professional and cultural contexts may affect relationships and the way people communicateIt is important that you adapt your communication in different situations and always consider the context in which you are working. It is extremely important how we dress and present ourselves to others, if you are going into a formal meeting with managers and parents wearing jeans and trainers for example, this would not give a professional image of you or the school you work for.It is important if you say to either a child or an adult that you are going to get back to them with an answer, you do so as efficiently as you can, this also applies to how we respond to letters and messages and always make sure you check your spelling and grammar.Try to increase your knowledge of different cultures, as the way they behave or respond maybe different to you for example it is not polite to look another person in the eye when speaking to them in some cultures.Explain the skills needed to communicate with children and young peopleThere are certain skills needed and these skills must be used everyday in order to communicate effectively and to make the child/adult feel valued.Always make eye contact when a child is speaking to you, if you say you are listening but continue to write or look at something else it shows you are not really interested in what they have to say, giving your full attention shows that you are engaged and listening.Bring yourself to the level of the child this is less intimidating than towering over them. Always smile and react positively, use posit ive body language, don’t sit there with your arms tightly folded or your shoulders tense this can create tension, express your face when responding to what they have said this shows you are listening.A good way of showing that you are listening is to repeat what they have said and this can extend their communication by telling you more or you may need to comment on incorrect use of words to help them for next time.Always give a child an opportunity to speak this will help with their confidence and their need to express themselves and encourage them to ask questions, this will help them build conversation skills.Explain how to adapt communication with children and young peopleThe age of the child or young personDifferent ages require different levels of attention. You may need to use more physical contact to reassure very young children then as the children become older you can help talk through their concerns, you will always listen and react positively choosing correct vocab ulary.The context of the communicationDepending on the situation you need to be aware that you may need to change your verbal communication accordingly, always make sure the children are focused and pre-empt any distractions and get ready to deal with them with as little interruption as possible or if you are having general chit chat in the playground, use humour to respond to difficult questions such as Where do you live, What is your first name etc..Communication differencesMake yourself aware of the children with communication issues and always be sensitive to them by giving them more time so they do not feel pressured when speaking or signing. Some children can be very anxious so it is important to make them feel comfortable in the setting. It is important if a child has a stammer or speech impediment you do not speak for them, you cannot guess or assume you know what they wanted to say and this can create anger and stress. Do not be afraid of asking for additional training if y ou are working alongside children who use signing to communicate, for example – Makaton.Explain the main differences between communicating with adults and communicating with children and young peopleAlways remember that certain things stay the same such as being courteous and respectful and showing that you are interested, however, you must remember that if you are in a school setting and you are dealing with a child or young person you maintain that carer/child relationship and responsibility. You should not offer physical contact with children. Always be clear in what you say and what is expected of them and adapt your vocabulary accordingly.Explain how to adapt communication to meet different communication needs of adults.You must be sensitive when communicating with other adults, try and find out as much as you can beforehand, you may find they have communication difficulties, they maybe hearing impaired so always make sure you are facing them and speak clearly so they ca n lip read or the person may speak another language or very little English, make sure you have plans in place if required.Explain how to manage disagreements with children, young people and adultsA lot of the time disagreements are due to a lack of communication in the first instance and the best thing to do is to sort things out very carefully so the bad feelings do not persist. You must always respond with a positive attitude and polite manner and be sensitive to the other person’s feelings, if you feel the disagreement is spiralling out of control you may need to call in a mediator this being another member of staff who can maybe help sort things out, but hopefully if you are using the correct communication this should not be required unless you were somehow in a disagreement with a child, always seek advice from your line manager if this is the case.The best way to resolve disagreements is to find the cause and then decide on a course of action together. Offer encourageme nt and support.Summarise the main points of legislation and procedures covering confidentiality, data protection and the disclosure of informationData protection act 1998 – To provide a safe environment for our children we as a school are able to obtain certain information which is relevant such as, health and medical information, records from previous schools, records for children who have special educational needs. All this information is confidential. Parental consent would be required if this information was requested by another source.Every child matters (England 2003) – stresses the importance of sharing information between professionals, communication between us, is the key to help prevent tragic cases.You should not pass on information about the school or the children without being 110% certain you can, do not feel pressured to do so, always seek advice from your line manager if you are unsure.Explain the importance of reassuring children, young people and adul ts of the confidentiality of shared information and the limits of thisIt is extremely important that you communicate and explain fully your reasons for requiring the confidential information, you would make sure that you followed correct procedures and ask for consent if required, you also need to promote a professional image so people trust you to deal with the confidential information with the utmost respect that is needed. By doing this the children, young people and adults feel reassured their confidential information is handled appropriately and used effectively.Justify the kinds of situation when confidentiality protocols must be breached.If a child, young person or adult confides in you and you suspect child abuse or they are at risk or danger of someone or something never promise to keep it a secret you would have to tell the child, young person or adult that you are unable to keep it confidential for this reason and then you must tell and seek advice from your safeguarding point of contact.

Abraham Lincoln Essays - Lincoln Family, Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln Cinder26 On the stormy morning of Sunday, February 12, Nancy Hanks Lincoln, wife of Thomas, gave birth to a boy. He was born on a bed of poles covered with corn husks. The baby was named Abraham after his grandfather. In 1811 the Lincolns moved to a farm on Knob Creek which was also near Hodgenville. In 1811 or 1812, Abraham's younger brother, Thomas, died in infancy. Abraham spent a short amount of time in a log schoolhouse. He began to learn his ABC's from a teacher named Zachariah Riney. He attended school with his sister, Sarah. Late in 1816 the Lincoln family moved to southern Indiana and settled near present day Gentryville. A cabin was constructed near Little Pigeon Creek. It measured 16 X 18 feet, and it had one window. Abraham's mother, Nancy, passed away on October 5th, 1818, she died of milk sickness. In 1819, Abraham would barrow books from his neighbors to read. In 1821 Abraham attended school taught by James Swaney for about 4 months. Also in 1824 Abraham attended school taught by Azel Dorsey. In 1827 Abraham's sister, Sarah died giving birth to her son. In 1831, Lincoln decided to leave his family and go off on his own. In July he moved to New Salem, Illinois, where he boarded at Rutledge's tavern and became acquainted with the owner's daughter, Ann. New Salem was a frontier village consisting of one long street on a bluff over the Sangamon River. On August 6th, 1832 Lincoln was defeated while running for the Illinois State Legislature. Lincoln began to operate a general store in New Salem along with William F. Berry. Again, In 1834, Lincoln ran for the Illinois State Legislature, but this time he was elected. During the summer, John T. Stuart advised Lincoln to study law. On December 1 he took his seat in state government in Vandalia. In 1837 Lincoln, 28, was admitted to the Illinois Bar on March 1, and he moved to Springfield on April 15. He became a law partner of John Stuart and lived with Joshua Speed. Lincoln now had income from a law practice as well as a state legislator. November 4,1842 Lincoln married Mary Todd. The first son of the Lincolns, Robert Todd, was born August 1, 1843 at the Globe Tavern. In 1844 Abraham and Mary purchased a home from Dr. Dresser in Springfield for $1500. It was located at the corner of Eighth and Jackson. The family moved in on May 2nd. In 1849 Lincoln failed in his attempt to be appointed commissioner of the General Land Office, and he returned to a full time law practice in Springfield as his term in the House of Representatives had expired on March 4th. On March 7th he was admitted to practice law before the United States Supreme Court. In 1850 Lincoln's son, "Eddie," died on February 1. His third son, William Wallace was born on December 21st. The fourth and last son of the Lincolns, Thomas, was born on April 4th, 1853. In 1858 Lincoln was nominated by the Republicans to run for the U.S. Senate against Stephen Douglas. He gave his famous "House Divided" speech. The Old State Capitol in Springfield where Lincoln gave the House Divided speech. During the summer, Lincoln and Douglas engaged in a series of 7 debates throughout Illinois. On November 2nd Douglas won the election. On May 18th, 1860 Lincoln was nominated for President at the Republican National Convention in Chicago. On November 6th Lincoln was elected President over 3 opponents (Stephen Douglas, John Breckinridge, and John Bell) winning 39% of the popular vote but nearly 60% of the electoral vote. On January 1st, 1863 the Emancipation Proclamation, which freed the slaves in the rebelling areas, took effect. On March 3rd Lincoln approved the first draft law in U.S. history. In early July the Union won two major battles at Gettysburg and Vicksburg. In 1864 Lincoln nominated Ulysses S. Grant as the first full lieutenant general since George Washington. Grant assumed his role as General-in-Chief of Union armies. Lincoln received the Republican nomination on June 8th to run for a 2nd term as President. Andrew Johnson was his Vice-presidential running mate. On November 8th he easily defeated Democrat

Review of George Orwells Homage to Catalonia Essay

Review of George Orwells Homage to Catalonia - Essay Example I could not help thinking that it would be even luckier not to be shot at all"i. These revelations remained with Blair for the rest of his life. These are the origins of Homage to Catalonia, and a later article called "Looking back on the Spanish War", in which a clear description of Orwell's "Here, we are, soldiers of a revolutionary army, defending Democracy against Fascism, fighting a war which is about something, and the detail of our lives is just as sordid and degrading as it could be in prison"ii. He also felt that he needed to write a story which told the tale of the war from the perspective of a soldier, not a journalist: "Throughout the fighting, I never made the correct 'analysis' of the situation that was so glibly made by journalists hundreds of miles away."iii. Orwell clearly despises this kind of journalism which distanced itself from the events. In fact, he had gone to Catalonia with the intention of writing a serious of articles about it, but quickly changed his mind: "I had come to Spain with some notion of writing newspaper articles, but had joined the militia almost immediately, because at that time and i n that atmosphere it seemed the only conceivable thing to do"iv. Or Orwell begins Homage to Catalonia, not with an account of the political events, or even to his decision to join the army, but with an account of meeting another foreigner fighting on the Communists' side: "It was the face of a man who could commit murder and throw away his life for a friend - the king of face you would expect in an Anarchist, though as likely as not he was a communist"v. He emphasizes how this was clear in his personal memory because of its intimate connection with "That period of the war - the red flags in Barcelona, the gaunt trains full of shabby soldiers creeping to the front, the grey war-stricken towns farther up the line, the muddy, ice-cold trenches in the mountains"vi. This launches the chapter into a very descriptive narrative of the Scene in Catalonia when Orwell/Blair signed up to the army. Much of it these passages read like 'scene setting' in a novel: churches are being demolished, shops and even bootblacks are collectivized, and everyone calls each oth er 'comrade', and says 'hello' instead of 'good day', a communist paradise: "I believed that things were as they appeared, that this was really a workers State, and that the entire bourgeoisie hadfledI did not realize that great numbers of well-to-dowere simply lying low".vii. Despite of this positive image of the town, where people are free, Orwell is careful to remind us that this is a nation in conflict: "There was something of the evil atmosphere of war. The town had a gaunt untidy look, roads and buildings were in poor repairthere was a shortage of coal, sugar and petrol, and a really serious shortage of bread"viii. He also underlines that many of those fighting in the war were civilian militias, poorly trained and idealistic, rather than like an army; even the clothes were unlike an organized army: "Everyone's clothes followed the same general plan, but they were never quite the same in any two cases"ix. The second chapter

Security Analysis and Redesign of a Network Coursework

Security Analysis and Redesign of a Network - Coursework Example The coursework "Security Analysis and Redesign of a Network" presents the review of the current network infrastructure of the XYZ company. The paper proposes, both theoretically and diagrammatically/graphically, a redesign of this network, offers recommendations for how or better procedures that the organization can harden both its Apache, and it IIS web servers. Further, the report presents a security policy write-up, which will guide the organization with regards to spyware, antivirus, and adware policies. Both active and passive reconnaissance was carried out on A2Z’s computers and networks, in an attempt to gather more information and find whether any open ports existed. This also enabled determine the vulnerabilities of the system so as to ensure that any existing vulnerabilities are taken care of before they are exploited by attackers. This was done using one of the most powerful network scanning tools, Nmap. Several interesting ports, including XYZDomainController at 192.168.0.1, XYZInviteDesign at 192.168.0.2, XYZ Acct at 192.160.0.3, XYZprinting at 192.168.0.4, XYZwebsrv at 192.169.0.5, and XYZChat at 192.168.0.6, were scanned. It is clear from the Nmap port scan results that XYZ’ s network server configuration is now is, is somewhat vulnerable. For instance, port 445 is set to open, which is very risky and is a vulnerability. This port, port 445, an MB port over IP is constantly being scanned by hackers, and if left open, they can easily gain remote access to the network.

To investigate how iPhone maker Apple competes across the Smartphone Dissertation

To investigate how iPhone maker Apple competes across the Smartphone market - Dissertation Example The marketing of the iPhone was done in tandem with the branding that Apple had in place, providing a platform from which to launch the revolutionary product. This study will look at the ways in which the market has been cornered by the product and what ways the perception of the product affects its popularity. Through the use of the grounding theory, a primary study has been made with a participant group of fifty users of Smartphones. Through the information provided by the questionnaire, the popularity of the iPhone has been examined and the ways in which it was successfully marketed has been explored. Table of Contents Abstract Table of Contents Chapter One: Introduction 1.1 The Marketing and Demand for the iPhone 1.2 Challenges presented by the iPhone within the Market 1.3 Research Objectives 1.3.1 To evaluate the effectiveness of the marketing strategy used by Apple 1.3.2 To investigate the quality and usability of product by Apple 1.3.3 To determine the outcome of customer sati sfaction with the Apple iPhone 1.4 Research Questions 1.4 Overview of Chapters Chapter Two Literature Review 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Smartphone Technology 2.3 The iPhone Release 2.4 Marketing Strategy 2.5 Competition in the UK Market 2.6 Chapter Summary Chapter Three: Methodology 3.1 Overall Research Plan 3.2 Research Design 3.3 Population and Sampling Size 3.3.1 Population 3.3.2 Sampling 3.4 Data Collection 3.4.1 Primary Data 3.4.1.1 Data Collection Methods 3.4.1.2 Pilot Study 3.4.1.3 Data Collection Time Table 3.4.2 Secondary Data 3.5 Data Analysis 3.6 Research Limitations 3.7 Chapter Summary Chapter Four: Data and Analysis 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Profile of the Respondents 4.3 Findings 4.4 Analysis Chapter Five: Conclusion and Recommendations 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Theoretical Implications 5.3 Managerial Implications 5.4 Limitations of the Study 5.5 Future Direction of Research 5.6 Summary References Appendix 1 Appendix 2 The iPhone: A study on the marketing strategies and the perception s of consumers about the Apple iPhone Chapter One: Introduction 1.1 The Marketing and Demand for the iPhone In the last decade, the creation of Smartphone technology has revolutionized the communications business. One of the initial products that was brought out into the public was the Apple iPhone. This product created a sensation that has yet to be rivaled by any other communications product to date. It hit the market with such force that it was sold out quickly and was on backorder for months after its release. The deal that Steve Jobs made with AT&T meant that only one wireless provider would have the product, thus creating a demand for AT&T service, but creating a necessity for other manufacturers to rush to mimic the product so other providers could carry the same type of communication advantages. In the UK, the iPhone can be used with a number of providers. According to the Apple website, prepaid service with Vodafone and Orange is available, along with service on monthly pla ns from O2, Orange, T-Mobile, Three, and Vodaphone (Apple 2011). The iPhone is the most used form of Smartphone technology within the UK. Through this study, the iPhone will be researched in order to discover why this phone has this depth of popularity and how the marketing has contributed to its large market share. 1.2 Challenges presented by the iPhone within the Market The iPhone is a revolution in the communications industry, creating an elite consumer who has a product that is in high